Pediatric Audiology (Final)

Question 1

What are MRL’s?

Answer 1

Minimum response levels

Question 2

T/F MRL’s are higher in intensity than thresholds are

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Why are MRL’s used in pediatrics?

Answer 3

Young children do not respond to acoustic stimuli at threshold, they respond when it is a little higher in intensity than their actual threshold

Question 4

What kind of response are you looking for from young children?

Answer 4

Behavioral responses.

Changes in action as a response to sound

Question 5

T/F If there is no response from the child you report it as not heard

Answer 5

False. We can’t say if they did not hear it, they might have heard and just not responded

Question 6

T/F Time matters when testing children

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are the 4 major ways hearing loss affects children?

Answer 7

1. Delays development of receptive/expressive communication skills
2. Language deficit causes learning issues resulting in reduced academic achievement
3. Communication difficulties lead to social isolation/poor self esteem
4. HL may impact vocational choices

Question 8

T/F babies who are deaf do not babble

Answer 8

False

Question 9

the 2 preferred physiological assessment instruments for measuring auditory function in newborns

Answer 9

ABR and OAE

Question 10

Pediatric testing should include

Answer 10

1. behavioral
2. Physiologic
3. Developmental

Question 11

What are 3 important things you should observe with the child outside of testing

Answer 11

Child’s interactions with caregivers

Child’s speech/language or method of communication

Child’s balance/walking

Question 12

Name some things case history should cover

Answer 12

o	Pregnancy/birth events
o	Developmental milestones
o	History of HL, OM, familial HL
o	Head injuries, hospitalizations, illnesses
o	Prior hearing evals, 
o	Performance in school
o	Hearing aids
o	Identifying info---name, etc

Question 13

T/F You should choose to test with either OAE or ABR. Testing both could cause confusion.

Answer 13

False. Best approach is to use both tests

Question 14

What is BOA?

Answer 14

Behavioral response audiometry

using two clinicians, one in front of the baby (seated on parent’s lap) and one behind the baby presenting sounds….like different phonemes or noise makers or toys or paper crinkling etc.

Observing how the baby reacts to the sounds presented… Localization… (universal about 8 months of age).

Can use audiometer for this as well- that way intensities are known

Question 15

What is COR?

Answer 15

Conditioned orientation reflex

Sound localization

Baby over 4 months placed in the sound field (speakers within the booth) where a light is positioned on top of the speakers.

Pure tone and light presented simultaneously until the baby is conditioned to look when only the tone is presented, but expecting to see the light.

Question 16

What is visual reinforcement audiometry?

Answer 16

Rewarding child’s response to auditory stimuli by presenting visual reinforcement– either an animated toy, light or picture.

Question 17

What are the stages of grief?

Answer 17

Shock
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression/Guilt
Acceptance

Question 18

Describe CAPD

Answer 18

o	No peripheral HL
o	Normal intelligence
o	Language is not age appropriate
o	Poor listening skills
o	Short attention spans
o	Difficulty with reading comprehension
o	Difficulty understanding speech in background noise

Question 19

CAPD management and intervention

Answer 19

o Improve signal to noise ratio (Use FM system, Carpeting, drapes, curtains, acoustic tile )
o Employ metalinguistic and metacognitive training strategies (Preteach info, give child tools for learning, visual tools, teacher asks the child follow up questions )
o Improve auditory skills (Coping strategies, listening strategies )
o May grow out of it

Question 20

What grades are hearing screenings done at?

Answer 20

K, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 11th

Question 21

What time of year would you not want to do hearing screening in schools?

Answer 21

Winter/ Cold and flu season

Question 22

What screening measures will an SLP use in schools?

Answer 22

Screening audiometer Acoustic immittance

Otoscopic exam

Question 23

Describe erroneous hearing loss

Answer 23

Does not occur frequently

Misunderstanding of test instructions, malingering (faking) or psychogenic disorders

Need to address nonorganic problems as soon as possible