Quick Vocab Flashcards
Homogeneous, heterogenous, anechoic, hyperechoic, hypoechoic, isoechoic
Know
Parenchyma is a fancy word for
Soft tissue.
Homogenous parenchyma means
The normal organ soft tissue is uniform in texture.
Heterozygous parenchyma means that there is not a uniform texture to the soft tissue and can be an indicator of disease, either ____ or _____ with varying degrees of _________.
Diffuse (infiltrative), localized, echogenicity.
Diffuse means not central to one area of the body and localized means within the same area of the body.
Asepsis
A germ free condition
Aseptic condition
Procedure used to prevents spread of pathogens and prevent patient from infection
IF patient is cold, thirsty, hungry, etc… here’s what you should do
Ensure that the patient is kept as comfortable as possible during the examination; provide blankets or additional pillows as necessary. Use angled wedges to comfortably position the patient as needed for different views. If a patient is not comfortable or unable to lie flat, adjust the angle of the head of the stretcher or examina-tion table. If a patient asks for something to drink or eat, check the chart or ultrasound request form to see whether the patient is allowed to have fluids or food. He or she may be scheduled for another examination that involves fluid/food restriction. Therefore check all avail-able patient information and/or contact the referring physician, floor nurses, or the outpatient’s physician’s office and let the patient know whether food or drink can be allowed after the ultrasound examination”=
Prior to the exam, answer any questions the patient may have.
Asdf’
Explain the examination process and offer to answer any questions they may have.
Ultrasound does not hurt or require any radiation.
The lights will be dimmed so that the images on the computer monitor can be seen more clearly.
The body area that is being examined will be exposed, and privacy will be maintained for the surrounding area with coverings to ensure patient comfort.
A warm scanning gel will be applied to the exposed area to facilitate imaging.
An imaging transducer will be placed on the gel and moved in various positions and directions to visualize the area(s) of interest.
You may be asked to change your position to facilitate imaging.
You may be asked to take in or hold your breath to exhale.
During an exam, conversations should be ____________ and your facial expressions should remain__________.
Kept to a minimum
Calm, relaxed, and never show any sign of confusion, shock, or surprise.
Acoustic Enhancement-
because sound traveling through fluid-filled structure is barely attenuated, the structure distal to a cystic lesion appear to have more echoes than neighboring areas.
It is the amount of sound passing through a structure
Also referred to as “through transmission “
Acoustic Enhancement
Attenuation-
progressive weakening of the sound beam as it travels through the body tissue.
It is caused by scatter, absorption, and reflection.
because sound traveling through fluid-filled structure is barely attenuated, the structure distal to a cystic lesion appear to have more echoes than neighboring areas.
It is the amount of sound passing through a structure
Acoustic Enhancement
progressive weakening of the sound beam as it travels through the body tissue.
It is caused by scatter, absorption, and reflection.
Attenuation
Also known as “anti-acoustic enhancement”
Attenuation
Foot print-
descriptive term for the amount of transducer face in contact with the patient (i.e., a small-head transducer has a small footprint).
descriptive term for the amount of transducer face in contact with the patient (i.e., a small-head transducer has a small footprint).
Foot print
Focus aka
Focal Zone
Focal zone aka
Focus
Focus or focal zone
It is moved to improve image quality
You can have one or multiple focal zones Keep in mind multiple focal zones decrease
the frame rate
Cardiac ultrasound usu useS one focal zones for this reason
True or False, transducers have different footprints AND frequencies
TRUE!
Difference between high frequency probes (transducers) and low frequency probes (transducers)
Higher frequency probes More resolution
Loss of depth of penetration More far field attenuation
Lower frequency probes Less resolution
More depth of penetration Less far field attenuation
*Great analogy; think of actual sound waves and how low frequency like a bass, it the volume is loud, can be felt penetrating deep in your body.
Gain
Gain- ratio of output to input electrical power.
The gain control determines how much amplification is accomplished in the receiver (like turning up the volume on your sound system at home).
It can apply to 2D, m-mode, color flow Doppler, PW Doppler and CW Doppler
Each of theses modes have independent controls
ratio of output to input electrical power.
This control determines how much amplification is accomplished in the receiver (like turning up the volume on your sound system at home).
It can apply to 2D, m-mode, color flow Doppler, PW Doppler and CW Doppler
Each of theses modes have independent controls
GAIN
2 types of gain
Overall 2D gain (already shown)
TGC which stands for time gain compensation
This compensates for beam attenuation (loss of acoustic energy with increasing imaging depth); depth-dependent amplification of echoes using sliding controls on display panel (apply based on appearance of image display)
Proper adjustment is a “curve” meaning less gain in the near field and more in the far field
Noise
Noise- artifactual echoes resulting from too much gain rather than from true anatomic structures (like static on your sound system).