Parasternal View Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of Doppler

A

Color flow Dopper, Pulsed Wave (PW) doppler, Continuous Wave (CW) doppler, Tissue Doppler

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2
Q

Don’t confuse tissue colorization with color flow Doppler

A

tissue colorization just changes the color of the tissue so that you can detect variations more easily

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3
Q

M-mode stands for

A

motion mode

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4
Q

EKG leads go where

A

Left upper chest
Right upper chest
Left or right lower chest

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5
Q

PLAX view, index is towards what time (clock)

A

10 o clock!

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6
Q

For M-mode at the AO level, the cursor is placed so it transects…

A

RV
AO
LA

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7
Q

In the M-mode measurement at AO, end systole for the left atrium is the largest opening that you can measure. In a separate M-mode measurement for LVESD or “left ventricular end systolic diameter” you are going to measure at the

A

smallest dimension.

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8
Q

In the M-mode measurement for the LV, select your package and begin measuring but make sure you are over a

A

Q wave! (EXCEPT FOR ONE, and that is gonna be the LVIDs aka LVESD (left ventricular inner dimension systole or left ventricular end systolic diameter - same thing). This measurement is taken at the smallest dimension. It should occur right after the Q wave.

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9
Q

Define Ejection Fraction

A

The fraction or % of LV diastolic volume that is ejected in systole. Volumes are calculated using diameter measurements and can be inaccurate.

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10
Q

Define Fractional shortening

A

This is a rough measurement of LV systolic fx using LV dimensions rather than volumes. Can reduce magnification of error.

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11
Q

Define Stroke volume

A

The volume of blood ejected with each heart beat and is reported in cc or ml (the same thing)

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12
Q

Define cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute and is reported in L/min (liters per minute).

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13
Q

Cardiac Output equation

A

SV x BPM (stroke volume multiplied by beats per minute)

Answer is in Liters per minute

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14
Q

LVEDD and LVESD when measuring at the LV (3rd M-mode viewing), should be measured

A

ON THE SAME BEAT

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15
Q

In LV M-mode measurement, to measure for the chordae tendineae, measure right outside the

A

MV valve leaflets.

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16
Q

In 2D measurements, end-diastole can be defined as

A

the onset of the QRS complex, the frame after the mitral valve closes or the frame in the cardiac cycle in which the cardiac chamber dimension is LARGEST

END-SYSTOLE IS…
the frame preceding the MV opening or the time in the cardiac cycle when the chamber dimension is the smallest.

17
Q

In 2D measurements, end-systole can be defined as

A

the frame preceding the MV opening or the time in the cardiac cycle when the chamber dimension is the smallest.

END DIASTOLE IS…
the onset of the QRS complex, the frame after the mitral valve closes or the frame in the cardiac cycle in which the cardiac chamber dimension is LARGEST

18
Q

To obtain a Right Atrium / Right Ventricular Inflow View, angle towards the _________ where you can find…

A

UMBILICUS (textbook)
Or right hip (seen it online)

you can fine more anterior heart structures here. Three notable ones are the right atrium, right ventricle, and tricuspid valve.

19
Q

Structures seen in the RA/RV view

A

the RA, RV, and tricuspid valve (TV)

20
Q

For a RVOT view, what should you do?

A

From standard 10 o clock PLAX position, angle transducer superior and lateral.

ANGLE TOWARD LEFT SHOULDER!!!

21
Q

RVOT allows you to assess what?

A

the pulmonary artery and allows for pulmonic valve assessment

22
Q

In Parasternal Short Axis Views (SAX) rotate the index how and angle the probe in what direction, beam being directed toward what?

A

rotate 90 degrees clockwise, index will be at one o clock. Angle the probe inferior and lateral. Beam should be directed toward the LV apex.

23
Q

In SAX views, to obtain the different levels, you may need to…

A

SLIDE AN INTERCOSTAL SPACE

24
Q

To obtain SAX papillary muscle view…

A

angle toward base of patient’s heart or towards right shoulder.
This is “mushroom”
It is the LV surrounded by the round papillary muscle.

25
Q

To obtain SAX mitral valve level view…

A

obtain papillary muscle view “mushroom” and continue to angle towards base of heart and stop when you see “fish mouth.”

Anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets can be seen. Identify them

26
Q

To obtain SAX aortic valve level view…

A

obtain papillary view, then fish mouth view, from fish mouth view - tilt transducer towards the right shoulder to obtain a SAX at the base or at aortic valve level.

27
Q

Can M-mode be performed in SAX?

A

Yes! Structures must be perpendicular though.

28
Q

RA/RV inflow view… think this!

A

Belly Button

29
Q

If Tracy asks this question… “If I saw something at the base of the Mitral Valve, what would it be?”

A

Coronary Sinus

30
Q

For a view of the Ascending Aorta in PLAX…

A

Get a good view of the butt cheeks, or the RCC and NCC of the aortic valve… then just slide up a rib or two!

31
Q

Once you’ve rotated to one o clock from PLAX to SAX view…

A

angle towards the apex.

32
Q

To view the SAX aorta view… do this

A

slide away from the sternum and angle medially

33
Q

Anteroseptal wall is the current nomenclature for what well-known structure?

A

IVS
Interventricular Septum!

34
Q

Color doppler in the parasternal LAX view used primarily to detect what pathology

A

a VSD

OR

MV and AoV pathology