Parasternal View Powerpoint Flashcards
4 types of Doppler
Color flow Dopper, Pulsed Wave (PW) doppler, Continuous Wave (CW) doppler, Tissue Doppler
Don’t confuse tissue colorization with color flow Doppler
tissue colorization just changes the color of the tissue so that you can detect variations more easily
M-mode stands for
motion mode
EKG leads go where
Left upper chest
Right upper chest
Left or right lower chest
PLAX view, index is towards what time (clock)
10 o clock!
For M-mode at the AO level, the cursor is placed so it transects…
RV
AO
LA
In the M-mode measurement at AO, end systole for the left atrium is the largest opening that you can measure. In a separate M-mode measurement for LVESD or “left ventricular end systolic diameter” you are going to measure at the
smallest dimension.
In the M-mode measurement for the LV, select your package and begin measuring but make sure you are over a
Q wave! (EXCEPT FOR ONE, and that is gonna be the LVIDs aka LVESD (left ventricular inner dimension systole or left ventricular end systolic diameter - same thing). This measurement is taken at the smallest dimension. It should occur right after the Q wave.
Define Ejection Fraction
The fraction or % of LV diastolic volume that is ejected in systole. Volumes are calculated using diameter measurements and can be inaccurate.
Define Fractional shortening
This is a rough measurement of LV systolic fx using LV dimensions rather than volumes. Can reduce magnification of error.
Define Stroke volume
The volume of blood ejected with each heart beat and is reported in cc or ml (the same thing)
Define cardiac output
The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute and is reported in L/min (liters per minute).
Cardiac Output equation
SV x BPM (stroke volume multiplied by beats per minute)
Answer is in Liters per minute
LVEDD and LVESD when measuring at the LV (3rd M-mode viewing), should be measured
ON THE SAME BEAT
In LV M-mode measurement, to measure for the chordae tendineae, measure right outside the
MV valve leaflets.
In 2D measurements, end-diastole can be defined as
the onset of the QRS complex, the frame after the mitral valve closes or the frame in the cardiac cycle in which the cardiac chamber dimension is LARGEST
END-SYSTOLE IS…
the frame preceding the MV opening or the time in the cardiac cycle when the chamber dimension is the smallest.
In 2D measurements, end-systole can be defined as
the frame preceding the MV opening or the time in the cardiac cycle when the chamber dimension is the smallest.
END DIASTOLE IS…
the onset of the QRS complex, the frame after the mitral valve closes or the frame in the cardiac cycle in which the cardiac chamber dimension is LARGEST
To obtain a Right Atrium / Right Ventricular Inflow View, angle towards the _________ where you can find…
UMBILICUS (textbook)
Or right hip (seen it online)
you can fine more anterior heart structures here. Three notable ones are the right atrium, right ventricle, and tricuspid valve.
Structures seen in the RA/RV view
the RA, RV, and tricuspid valve (TV)
For a RVOT view, what should you do?
From standard 10 o clock PLAX position, angle transducer superior and lateral.
ANGLE TOWARD LEFT SHOULDER!!!
RVOT allows you to assess what?
the pulmonary artery and allows for pulmonic valve assessment
In Parasternal Short Axis Views (SAX) rotate the index how and angle the probe in what direction, beam being directed toward what?
rotate 90 degrees clockwise, index will be at one o clock. Angle the probe inferior and lateral. Beam should be directed toward the LV apex.
In SAX views, to obtain the different levels, you may need to…
SLIDE AN INTERCOSTAL SPACE
To obtain SAX papillary muscle view…
angle toward base of patient’s heart or towards right shoulder.
This is “mushroom”
It is the LV surrounded by the round papillary muscle.
