Echocardiography Applications Flashcards
1st degree relatives with genetic cardiovascular disease, patients with fevers/+blood cultures/suspected endocarditis, patients with cerebrovascular events, patients with arrhythmias. WHAT TYPE OF STUDY?
TRANSTHORACIC ECHO
SCREENING STUDY
evaluation of LV function, LV size and systolic function in patients with chronic valvular regurgitation, LV hypertrophy in hypersensitive patients. WHAT TYPE OF STUDY?
TRANSTHORACIC ECHO
MONITORING STUDY
Done before and after therapeutic INTERVENTION to asses effects of intervention and detect possible complications such as electrophysiologic studies, end-myocardial biopsy, effect of intervention, revascularization, pharmacologic therapy, valve repair. WHAT KIND OF STUDY?
Transthoracic echo
EVALUATION STUDY
After valve replacement, before chemotherapy. Patients at risk for cardiac disease or progression of preexisting cardiac disease. WHAT KIND OF STUDY?
BASELINE STUDY
transthoracic echo
TEE - images obtained have a _______ approach to the heart?
POSTERIOR
In TEE, you can image posterior heart and see these structures
aorta
atria
cardiac valves
One advantage of TEE is
many more off axis imaging planes
Is oxygen administered during a TEE?
YES
In TEE exam, why is a peripheral IV line inserted in right arm
because patient is LLD position, other arm would have them laying on the peripheral IV line
anesthetic used to numb gag reflex
lidocaine
2 common agents used for TEE sedation
Versed
Demerol
patient positioning TEE
LLD
Neck flexed
Knees flexed
Pillow under neck only to maintain MIDLINE position of neck
Advance esophageal varices are what
varicose veins in the esophagus
someone who has had prior esophageal surgery, cervical arthritis, is in severe cardiopulmonary distress (etc) poses a dilemma for the physician because it is a
relative contraindication
Esophageal tumors, stenosis, diverticulum, advanced esophageal varices (varicose veins) are examples of what type of contraindications
absolute contraindication
precordium aka
CHEST (fancy word for) chest area that overlays the heart and epigastrium
EKG how many leads usually
12
6 limb leads
6 “precordium” leads
In EKG, how many electrodes are placed on patient’s chest
10 electrodes
In EKG, the peripheral leads are ________. The chest leads are ________.
Peripheral: 1, 2, 3, AVR, AVL, AVF
Chest: V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
Also known as an ambulatory electrocardiograph
Holter Monitor
Bruce protocol, what is that
Treadmill stress test AKA EXERCISE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
speed and grade on treadmill go up every 3 mins to max heart rate
For a treadmill, the target heart rate is what
85% of their max heart rate
OR
220 - their age
non-xray technique
MRI
MRI is useful in detecting what
joint, tendon, vertebral disorders
