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CPR > Quick Review > Flashcards

Quick Review Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrates for IHD

A
  • nitroglycerin
  • isosorbide mononitrate
  • isosorbide dinitrate
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2
Q

Calcium channel blockers: non - cardio for IHD

A
  • Amlodipine
  • Nifedipine
  • Nicardipine

*best at vasodilation

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3
Q

Calcium channel blockers: cardio for IHD

A
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem

*best at decreased contractility, SA node, AV node

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4
Q

Beta blockers for IHD

A
  • Propanolol (antagonist)
  • Metoprolol (inverse)
  • Nadolol (antagonist)
  • Atenolol (antagonist)
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5
Q

Classic v. Variant angina

A

a. due to occlusion

b. due to vasospasm (prinzmetal)

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6
Q

What drug causes coronary steal syndrome?

A

Dipyridamole

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7
Q

What drug class are contraindicated in those with elevated intracranial pressure?

A

nitrates

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8
Q

Pt. presents with severe unstable angina. They have a hx of type 1 diabetes, but it is well controlled with insulin. They also have a history of HTN, but are negative for all respiratory complaints. What beta blocker would you prescribe?

A

none - type 1 diabetics on insulin is a contraindication

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9
Q

Women presents 24 weeks pregnant to neonatal surgery. What condition is being corrected?

A

CPAM –> they can get get so big that you get pulmonary hypoplasia

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10
Q

mediastinum shift with the following atelectasis:

a. respiration
b. compression
c. contration

A

a. toward resorption
b. away
c. idk

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11
Q

what four ways do we get pulmonary edema?

A

a. increased hydrostatic P (LHF, inc volume, pulmonary v. obstruction)
b. decrease oncotic pressure (liver or renal problem)
c. unknown (altitude, neuo)
d. injury to alveolar wall (bac pneumonia, sepsis, smoke, aspiration)

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12
Q

Stages of ARDS

A
  1. Exudative (hyaline, neutrophils, edema)
  2. Proliferative (fibroblast, early fibrosis)
  3. Resolution (normal tissue) or Fibrotic (extensive fibrosis)
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13
Q

List of Obstructive Diseases

A
  • asthma
  • chronic bronchitis
  • emphysema
  • bronchiectasis
  • pneumoconiosis
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14
Q

List of Restrictive Diseases

A
  • pneumoconiosis
  • idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  • sarcoidosis
  • HS pneumonitis
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15
Q

What cells do we see in asthma?

A

a. atopic: mast, eosinophils, lymphocytes

b. non-atopic: neutrophils, T cells

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16
Q

Why is the hypertrophied heart at risk of ischemia?

A

the myocytes getting bigger doesn’t mean they’re getting more O2/blood

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17
Q

What causes LV hypertrophy?

A
  • HTN
  • ischemic HD
  • aortic/mitral valvular diseases
  • primary myocardial diseases
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18
Q

When do we see nutmeg liver?

A
  • Right sided HF
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19
Q

NOTCH pathway is associated with what congenital defects?

A

NOTCH1 –> bicuspid aortic valve

NOTCH 2 and JAG 1 –> Tetralogy of Fallot

20
Q

What type of coarctation is symptomatic at birth?

A
  • one with a PDA (cyanosis in lower half of body)

* one without isn’t seen until adulthood where you may get leg claudication, hypotension in LE, hypertension in UE

21
Q

When do we see myocyte hypereosiniphilia?

A

12-24 hrs after an MI

22
Q

Where are phase I enzymes located?

A

lipophilic ER membranes of liver (and other tissues)

23
Q

Succinycholine and inhalation anesthetics can cause what?

A

malignant hyperthermia in pts with ryanodine receptor mutations

24
Q

Individuals with genetic defects in pseudocholinesterase can metabolize _____ at 50% the rate as normal individuals

A

Succinycholine

25
Q

CYP inducers

A
  • phenytoin (anticonvulsant)
  • ethanol (CYP2E1)
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene (tobacco smoke),
  • rifampin
  • phenobarbital and other barbiturates
26
Q

rasburicasenot be used in patients with deficiency.

A

G6PD

27
Q

the common variant, rs4149056 inSLCO1B1, increases systemic exposure of_______ and was identified to have the single strongest association with _____________

A

simvastatin

simvastatin-induced myopathy

28
Q

Choline esters have what charge? alkaloids?

A

a. +

b. -

29
Q

The net cardiovascular effects of moderate doses of AChE inhibitors is modest Brady/tachycardia, a ____ in cardiac output, and a modest ____ in blood pressure

A

a. Brady
b. fall
c. increase

30
Q

a. The tertiary amines are used for their effects on the ___ or ____ (___, ___, ___)
b. The quaternary amines are ___ and elicit their antimuscarinic effects in the ___ (___, ___)

A

a. eye, CNS, atropine, tropicamide, benztropine

b. charged, periphery, ipratropium, glycopyrrolate

31
Q

____ is the first drug of choice for symptomatic bradycardia in an advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) setting

A

atropine

32
Q

Surgical excision is not recommended in small cell carcinoma when what has happened?

A

it has spread to the LNs

33
Q

Apex of lung can cause what problem?

A

Horner Syndrome –> ptsosis, miosis, anhidrosis

34
Q

Atypical Carcinoid tumor vs. Carcinoid Tumor

A
  • increased rte of metastasis
  • necrosis
  • increased mitotic activity
  • disordered growth
35
Q

a. Calretinin distinguishes what two types of cancers?

b. CD34+ and keratin - distinguishes what type of cancer from another?

A

a. mesothelioma from adencocarcinoma

b. Solitary fibrous tumor from mesothioloma

36
Q

What causes the following:

a. pigeon breeder’s lung
b. Farmer’s Lung
c. Hot tub Lung

A

all are HS pneumonitis

a. protein in pigeon poop
b. actinomycetic spores in hay
c. reaction to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

37
Q

Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia

A

tons of macrophages

5-6th decade smokers

38
Q

Respiratory Bronchiolitis-ILD

A
  • 3-4th decade smokers

- “peribronchiolar” metaplasia

39
Q

gelatinous material

A

protein alveolar proteinosis

40
Q

plexiform lesion, medial hypertrophy

A

pulmonary HTN

41
Q

human Metapneumovirus

A
  • affects young, old, and immunocompromised
  • causes bronchiolitis, pneumonia
  • a paramyxovirus
42
Q

pumpkin seed

A

histoplasmosis capsulatum*

*granulomatous response; coin lesions on CXR

43
Q

ACE Inhibitors should be given to all people with what? unless they are what?

A

a. LV systolic failure or LV dysfunction without HF

b. not tolerated (try ARB), pregnant, hypotensive, serum creatine >3, hyperkalemic

44
Q

Unless contraindiateced, carvedilol should be give to what pts? in addition to what?

A

a. LV systolic dysfunction caused by MI

b. ACE inhibitors

45
Q

What should you use in a patient with low GFR:

Hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide

A

furosemide (other doesn’t work in pts with low GFR)

46
Q

What drug combo works to tx chronic HF in African Americans but not whites?

A

isosorbide denigrate + hydralazine*

*can cause drug induced lupus

CPR (22 decks)

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