Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MLA Content > Quick recall 3 > Flashcards

Quick recall 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug options for reducing the risk of relapse in MS

A
  1. Natalizumab (IV)
  2. Ocrelizumab (anti-cd20 monoclonal antibody)
  3. Fingolimond
  4. beta interferon
  5. glatiraemer acetate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Multiple sclerosis: tackling

  1. Fatigue
  2. Spasticity
  3. Bladder dysfunction
  4. Oscillopsia (visual fields appear to oscillate)
A
  1. Fatigue
    –> trial of amantadine
  2. Spasticity
    –> baclofen and gabapentin
    OR –> diazepam, dantrolene and tizanidine
    –> physio
  3. Bladder dysfunction
    –> significant residual volume: intermittent self catheterisation
    –> no significant volume: ACH to improve urinary frequency
  4. Oscillopsia (visual fields appear to oscillate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The loss of proprioception and vibration sense (dorsal columns) points towards

A

subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lip smacking + post-ictal dysphasia are localising features of a

A

temporal lobe seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

paediatric Status epilepticus guidelines

A
  1. Buccal midazolam / Iv Lorazepam (2 max doses)
  2. IV lorazepam
  3. IV levetiracetam, phenytoin or sodium valproate
  4. RSI , anaesthetics, using thiopental sodium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

reflexes and nerve roots

  • ankle
  • knee
  • bicep
  • tricep
A

Ankle - S1-S2
Knee - L3-L4
Bicep - C5-C6
Triceps - C7-C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary Motor Cortex = Motor Sx = Frontal Lobe
Primary Somatosensory Cortex = Sensory Sx = Parietal Lobe

A

F = Frontal = Fidgetting
P = Parietal = Paraesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Migraine mx: ACUTE

A

1ST LINE
- oral triptan + nsaid
OR
- oral triptan + paracetamol

If 12-17 years –> nasal triptan?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Migraine mx: prophylaxis

A
  1. Propranolol
  2. Topiramate (avoid in women of childbearing age)
  3. amitriptylline

10 sessions acupuncture.

Others
- candesaratan
- calcitonin gene related peptide receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mx myasthenia gravis

A
  1. Long acting ACH inhibitors
    –> PYRIDOSTIGMINE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia can only occur if the spinal cord injury occurs above the

A

T6 level

The combination of severe hypertension, flushing and sweating without a congruent response in heart rate in the context of spinal cord injury indicates an autonomic dysreflexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cushing’s triad:

A

widening pulse pressure
bradycardia
irregular breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatment of choice for essential tremor

A

Propranolol

resting tremor is seen in parkinsons and this is managed with co-careldopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this characteristically presents with sensorineural deafness and congenital cataracts.

A

Rubella!

Rubella the sensitive cat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This may also be associated with cerebral palsy, anaemia, and jaundice. Also is associated with congenital sensorineural deafness

A

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary amenorrhoea, little or no axillary and pubic hair, elevated testosterone →

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome
- bilateral lower pelvic swellings likely to be undescended testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alzheimer’s disease causes widespread cerebral atrophy mainly involving the:

A

cortex and hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metabolic alkalosis + hypokalaemia → ?

A

prolonged vomiting

19
Q

interpret ecg & likely diagnosis

A

peaked or ‘tall-tented’ T waves (occurs first)
loss of P waves
broad QRS complexes
sinusoidal wave pattern

20
Q

Hyperkalaemia: management

A
  1. Stablisation of cardiac membrane only –> IV calcium gluconate
  2. Short term shift K+ from extracellular to intracellular fluid
    –> combined insulin / dextrose infusion
    –> nebulised salbutamol
  3. Removal of potassium from body
    a) calcium resonium (orally or enema)
    b) loop diuretics
    c) dialysis
21
Q

A 41-year-old man presents with a persistent itch rash that has been present for the past few weeks. On examination he has erythematous, scaly lesions underneath the eyebrows, around the nose and at the top of his chest. He also has a history of dandruff which is well controlled with over the counter shampoos.

likely diagnosis and tx:

A

1st line tx –> topical ketoconazole

22
Q

Inguinal Hernia -> get INto surgery
Umbilical Hernia -> UM I’ll wait and see

A

Inguinal Hernia -> get INto surgery
Umbilical Hernia -> UM I’ll wait and see

23
Q

features of Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

CAN OPEN
Confusion
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Ophthamoplegia
PEripheral
Neuropathy

Retrograde amnesia and confabulation are features of Korsakoff’s psychosis

24
Q

The three criteria for aneurysm surgery are:

A
  • An asymptomatic aneurysm larger than 5.5 cm in diameter.
  • An asymptomatic aneurysm which is enlarging by more than 1 cm per year.
  • A symptomatic aneurysm. This is the only criteria, apart from emergency rupture, which requires urgent surgery rather than an elective procedure.
25
Q

these are used in the used in the management of alcohol withdrawal

A

Decreasing doses of long-acting benzodiazepines

e.g. chlordiazepoxide

26
Q

55 Male: RTA unconsciouss.
OE: multiple cuts and bruises, skin warm and flushed. PEARL. No respiratory distress.
ECG: sinus bradycardia

likely cause for patients presentation:

A
  • low HR, warm flushed peripheries indicates spinal shock as underlying cause.
  • loss of sympathetic outflow resulting in hypotension and bradycardia , warm peripheries due to v.dilation and inability to vasoconstrict

NEUROGENIC SHOCK

27
Q

Complications of thyroid surgery

A

damage to parathyroid glands can result in hypocalcaemia
- prolonged QT

28
Q

Visual hallucinations with dementia

A

Lewy body dementia

29
Q

Myxoedemic coma is treated with

A

thyroxine and hydrocortisone

30
Q

Thyrotoxic storm is treated with

A

beta blockers, propylthiouracil and hydrocortisone

31
Q

4Hs

A

Hypothermia
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypokalaemia / hyperkalaemia / hypoglycaemia

32
Q

4Ts

A

Tension pneumothorax
Toxins
Tamponade
Thrombosis

33
Q

In the acute management of DKA: mx

A
  1. Insulin –> fixed rate
  2. Continue regular injected long acting
  3. Stop short acting injected insulin
34
Q

Hepatitis serology

A

If patient has antigen: active infection

IgM - acute
IgG - chronic

35
Q

ECG shows:

A

Polymorphic changes: Torsades de pointes

36
Q

Anterior uveitis is most likely to be treated with

A
  1. Steroid eye drops: prednisolone acetate
    –> treats underlying infection
  2. Mydriatic eye drops (cyclopentolate)
    –> dilate eye and reduce pain
37
Q

Vestibular neuronitis vs Labrinthitis

A

Vestibular neuronitis = inflammation of the vestibular nerve, which deals with balance but not hearing

Labyrinthitis = inflammation of labyrinth, which deals with both balance AND hearing

38
Q

Hyponatraemia correction may lead to:

A

osmotic demyelination syndrome

39
Q

Hypernatreamia correction may lead to:

A

cerebral oedema

40
Q

Acute dystonia secondary to antipsychotics is usually managed with:

A

Procyclidine

41
Q

Human bites, like animal bites, should be treated with

A

co-amoxiclav

42
Q
A
43
Q
A

MLA Content (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions