Quick Pharm Flashcards
1
Q
Basiliximab
A
Mab IL-2R
kidney transplant
edema, HTN, tremor
2
Q
Oprelekin
A
IL-11
thrombocytopenia
3
Q
Filgrastim
A
G-CSF
4
Q
Sargramostim
A
GM-CSF
5
Q
Aldesleukin
A
IL-2
renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma
6
Q
Alemtuzumab
A
Mab CD52
CLL
7
Q
Bevacizumab
A
Mab VEGF
colorectal, renal cell
humoral injection for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and wet macula degeneration
8
Q
Cetuximab
A
Mab EGFR
Colorectal IV, head/neck cancer
9
Q
Rituximab
A
Mab CD20
B cell non-Hodgkin, RA (w/ MTX), ITP
10
Q
Trastuzumab
A
Mab HER2/neu
breast and gastric cancer
11
Q
Infliximab
A
Mab TNF-alpha
IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis
12
Q
Adalimumab
A
Mab TNF-alpha
IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis
13
Q
Natalizumab
A
Mab alpha4-integrin
MS, Crohn’s
! risk of PML in pt. w/ JC virus
14
Q
Abciximab
A
Mab GpIIb/IIIa (anti-platelet clotting)
15
Q
Denosumab
A
Mab RANKL
osteoperosis (mimic osteoprotegrin)
16
Q
Omalizumab
A
Mab IgE (prevent IgE bind Fc-epsilon-RI on mast cell) allergic asthma
17
Q
Palivizumab
A
Mab RSV F protein
prophylaxis in high risk children
18
Q
-azole
A
ergosterol synthesis inhibitors (i.e. ketoconazole)
19
Q
-bendazole
A
antiparasitic/antihelmintic (i.e. mebendazole)
20
Q
-cillin
A
peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor (i.e. ampicillin)
21
Q
-cycline
A
protein synthesis inhibitor (i.e. tetracycline)
22
Q
-ivir
A
neuraminidase inhibitor (i.e. oseltamivir)
23
Q
-navir
A
protease inhibitor (i.e. ritonavir)
24
Q
- ovir
A
DNA polymerase inhibitor (i.e. acyclovir)
25
-thromycin
macrolide antibiotic (i.e. azithromycin)
26
-ane
inhalation general anesthetic (i.e. halothane)
27
-azine
typical antipsychotics (i.e. thioridazine)
28
-barbital
barbituates (i.e. phenobarbital)
29
-caine
local anesthetic (i.e. lidocaine)
30
-etine
SSRI (i.e. fluoxetine)
31
-ipramine
TCA (i.e. imipramine)
32
-triptan
Seratonin1B/1D Agonist (i.e. sumatriptan)
33
-triptyline
TCA (i.e. amitripyline)
34
-zepam
BNZ (i.e. diazepam)
35
-zolam
BNZ (i.e. alprazolam)
36
-chol
cholinergic agonist (i.e. bethanechol/carbachol)
37
-curium/-curonium
non-depolarizing paralytic (i.e. atracurium/vecuronium)
38
-olol
beta-blocker (i.e. propanolol)
| also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4
39
-stigmine
AChE Inhibitor (i.e. neostigmine)
40
-terol
beta2-agonist (i.e. albuterol)
41
-zosin
alpha1-antagonist (i.e. prazosin)
42
-afil
PDE-5 inhibitor (i.e. sildenafil)
43
-dipine
dihydropyridine CCB (i.e. amlodipine)
44
-pril
ACE inhibitors (i.e. captopril)
45
-sartan
AT-II receptor blocker (i.e. losartan)
46
-statin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (i.e. atorvastatin)
47
-dronate
bisphosphonate (i.e. aldendronate)
48
-glitazone
PPAR-gamma activator (i.e. rosiglitazone)
49
-prazole
PPI (i.e. omeprazole)
50
-prost
PG analog (i.e. latanoprost)
51
-tidine
H2-antagonist (i.e. cimetidine)
52
-tropin
pituitary hormone (i.e. somatotropin)
53
-ximab
chimeric mAb (i.e. basiliximab)
54
-zumab
humanized mAb (i.e. daclizumab)
55
Fenoldopam
D1 Agonist at coronary, peripheral, renal and splanchinic vasodilation -> dec BP and inc natriuresis
56
Bile Acid Resin
cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam
| bad taste, dec fat soluble vitamins, cholesterol gallstones
57
Cholesterol Absorption Blocker
ezetimibe
| inc. LFT, diarrhea
58
Fibrates
gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate
Inc LPL adn activate PPAR-alpha (inc HDL)
myositis, hepatotoxicity, cholesterol gallstones
59
Class IA antiarrhythmics
quinindine, procainamide, disopyramide
inc. refractory, duration, QT
cinchonism, SLE-like, heartfailure, thrombocytopenia, torsades
60
Class IB antiarrhythmics
lidocaine, mexiletine
dec duration
best post-MI
CV depression
61
Class IC antiarrhythmics
flecainide, propafenone
prolong refractory, same duration
Contra structural heart disease (not MI)
62
Class III antiarrhythmics
amiodarone, ibutilide, dofetilide, sotalol
inc. duration, refractory, QT
use as last resort
63
Amiodarone ADE
pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hypo/hyperthyroidism, corneal deposits, skin deposits, photodermatitis, neuro effects, constipation, bradycardia, heart block, CHF
Minor Class I, II, IV effect also
disrupt lipid membrane
64
Adenosine
Inc K out of cell -> hyperpolarize, abolish supraVTach
| very short action (15sec)
65
Mg
Tx: torsades, and digoxin toxicity
66
Propylthiouracil
Inhibit thyroid peroxidase and 5'-deiodinase
Use: hyperthyroidism
ADE: agranulocytosis and fulminant hepatic failure
67
Methimazole
inhibits thyroid peroxidase
| Use: hyperthyroidism
68
Sulfonylureas
tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide
close K channel, Ca influx -> release insulin (need endogenous function
risk hypoglycemia with renal failure
69
Glitazones/Thiazolidinediones
pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
bind PPAR-gamma --> inc insulin sensitivity
weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, heart failure
70
alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
acarbose, miglitol
| delay sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption
71
Amylin Analogue
pramlintide
dec gastric emptying, dec glucagon
hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea
72
GLP-1 Analogue
exenatide, liraglutide
inc insulin, dec glucagon
nausea, vomit, pancreatitis
73
DDP-4 Inhibitor
linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin
inc insulin, dec glucagon
mild urinary/respiratory infection
74
Demeclocycline
ADH antagonist
Use: SIADH
nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth
75
Misoprostol
PGE1 Analogue -> inc. gastic mucosal barrier, dec. acid
NSAID ulcer, maintain PDA open, induce labor/cervix ripening
ADE: diarrhea, caution abortive
76
Octreotide
long-acting somatostatin analogue
acute variceal bleed, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid
ADE: nausea, cramps, steatorrhea
77
Sulfasalazine
combo sulfapyridine + 5-aminosalicylic acid
require activation by bacteria
ulcerative colitis, Crohn
ADE: malaise, nausea, sulfonamide toxicity, reversible oligospermia
78
Ondansetron
5-HT3 antagonist, dec. vagal stimulation, powerful antiemetic
control post-op vomit, cancer chemo
ADE: headache, constipation
79
Metoclopramide
D2 antagonist
inc. resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility
does not influence colon transport time
diabetic and post-op gastroparesis, antiemetic
ADE: parkinsonian, restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea
interact w/ digoxin and diabetes
Contra: small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease
80
Epinephrine
beta>alpha
81
Norepinephrine
alpha1>alpha2>beta1
82
Isoproterenol
beta1=beta2
83
Dopamine
D1=D2>beta>alpha
84
Dobutamine
beta1>beta2, alpha
85
phenylephrine
alpha1>alpha2
86
Albuterol, Salmeterol, Terbutaline
beta2>beta1
87
Amphetamine
indirect agonist, reuptake inhibitor, release of stored catecholamines
88
Ephedrine
indirect agonist, release of stored catecholamines
89
Cocaine
indirect agonist, reuptake inhibitor
90
LMWHeparin
enoxaparin, dalteparin
more on Xa, better bioavailability, 2-4x longer half-life
subQ w/o monitoring
91
Direct Thrombin Inhbitor
argatroban, bivalirudin
| for HIT patients
92
Direct Xa Inhibitors
apixaban, rivoraxaban
prophylaxis DVT, PE, stroke w/ AFib
not require monitoring
93
ADP Receptor Inhibitors
clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, ticagrelor
irreversibly block ADP recpetor, inhibit fibrinogen binding GpIIb/IIIa
acute coronary syndrome/stenting, dec risk thrombotic stroke
ADE: neutropenia, TTP/HUS
94
Phosphodiesterase III Inhibitor
cilostazol, dipyridamole
inc cAMP in platelet, inhibit platelet aggregation; vasodilation
intermittent claudication, coronary vasodilation, prevent stroke and TIA, angina prophylaxis
ADE: nausea, headache, facial flushing, hypotension, abdominal pain
95
GPIIb/IIIa Inhibitor
abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban
bind and prevent aggregation
unstable angina, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
ADE: bleeding thrombocytopenia
96
Methotrexate
inhibit dihydrofolate reductase -> dec. dTMP synthesis
| ADE: myelosuppression (leucovorin rescue), macrovesicular fatty liver, mucositis, Cat.X
97
5-Fluorouracil
pyrimidine analogue, inhibit thymidylate synthase -> dec. dTMP
ADE: myelosuppression (uridine rescue), photosensitivity
98
Cytarabine
pyrimidine analogue, inhibit DNA polymerase
| ADE: pancytopenia (megaloblastic anemia)
99
Azathoprine/6-Mercaptopurine/6-Thioguanine
purine analogue, dec. de novo purine synthesis
require HGPRT activation
metabolized by xanthine oxidase (toxicity w/ allopurinol)
100
Dactinomycin
intercalates DNA
| myelosuppression
101
Doxorubicin/Daunorubicin
```
ROS generator, intercalates DNA
dilated cardiomyopathy (give dexrazoxan), myelosuppression, alopecia
```
102
Bleomycin
ROS generator
pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes, mucositis
minimal myelosuppression
103
Cyclophosphomide/Ifosfamide
X-linking, require activation by liver
| myelosuppress, hemorrhagic cystitis (give mesna)
104
Carmustin/Lomustine/ Semustine
X-linking, require activation, cross BBB!
| CNS toxicity
105
Busulfan
X-linking
| severe myelosuppression, pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation
106
Vincristine/Vinblastin
inhibit beta-tubulin polymerization
- cristin: neurotoxicity, paralytic ileus
- blastin: myelosuppression
107
Paclitaxel
hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules
| myelosuppression, alopecia, hypersensitivity
108
Cisplatin/Carboplatin
X-linking
| nephrotoxicity (give amifostine), acoustic nerve damage, chloride diuresis
109
Etoposide/Teniposide
TopoII inhibitor, inc DNA degradation
| meylosuppression, GI irritation, alopecia
110
Irinotecan/Topotecan
TopoI inhibitor, prevent unwinding and replication
| severe myelosuppression, diarrhea
111
Hydroxyurea
inhibit ribonucleotide reductase, dec. DNA synthesis
include sickle cell use
bone marrow suppression, GI upset
112
Tamoxifen
partial agonist endometrium
agonist bone
antagonist breast
113
Raloxifene
antagonist endometrium
agonist bone
antagonist breast
114
Trastuzumab
mAB HER-1
breast and gastric, need to be + first
cardiotoxicity
115
Vemurafenib
```
B-Raf V600E kinase inhibitor
metastatic melanoma (esp. to brain)
```
116
Zileuton
lipoxygenase inhibitor
| prevent neutrophil chemotaxis, and inc. bronchial tone
117
Zalfirlukast/Montelukast
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 receptor inhibitor
118
Febuxostat
inhibit xanthine oxidase
| for those allergic to allopurinol
119
Allopurinol
inhibit xanthine oxidase
inc. concentration w/ azathioprine and 6-MP
don't give salicylates (dec clearence)
120
Probenecid
inhibit reabsorption of uric acid in PCT
| inhibit secretion of penicillin
121
Colchicine
bind and stabilize tubulin to prevent microtubule polymerization, impair leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation
monitor GI side effects to determine effective dose
122
ADE: Phenytoin
nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia, teratogen, SLE-like, induce P-450, lymphadenopathy, SJS, osteopenia
123
ADE: Carbamazepine
diplopia, ataxia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver toxicity, teratogen, induce P-450, SIADH, SJS
124
ADE: Valproic Acid
GI, rare but fatal hepatotoxicity, neural tube defect, tremor, weight gain
125
ADE: Phenobarbital
sedation, tolerance, dependence, induce P-450, CV resp depression
126
ADE: inhaled anesthetics
hepatotoxicity (halothane), nephrotoxicity (methoxyflurane), proconvulsant (enflurane), expansion of trapped gas
127
Butorphanol
mu-opioid parital agonist, kappa-opioid agonist
| can cause withdrawal if taking full agonist before
128
Tramadol
very weak opioid agonist, inhibit serotonin/NE reuptake
| caution serotonin syndrome
129
Short BNZ
triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam, alprazolam
130
Med BNZ
lorazepam, temazepam
131
Long BNZ
diazepam, chlordiazepoxide
132
Propofol
```
Potentiates GABA(a)
sedation in ICU, rapid anesthesia induction, short procedures
less post-op nausea
```
133
Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Block
tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium, pancuronium, vecuronium, rocuronium
compete w/ ACh
134
Bromocriptine
Dopamine agonist for ALZ
135
Memantine
NMDA antagonist, prevent excitotoxicity
| dizziness, confusion, hallucination
136
High Potency Antipsychotics
trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol
137
Low Potency Antipsychotics
chlorpromazine, thioridazine
138
Atypical Antipsychotic
olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidone
139
ADE: Lithium
tremor, sedation, edema, heart block, hypothyroidism, polyuria, teratogen (Ebstein anomaly, great vessel malformation)
narrow therapeutic window
140
Buspirone
stimulate 5-HT(1A)
generalized anxiety
no sedation, no alcohol interaction
141
SSRI
fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertaline, citalopram
142
SNRI
venlafaxine, duloxetine
143
TCA
amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, doxepin, amoxapine
144
MAOI
tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid, selegiline
145
Buproprion
inc. NE and Dopamine
smoking cessation, atypical depression
no sexual side effects
146
Mirtazapine
alpha2-antagonist, potent seratonin antagonist
atypical depression
sedation, inc. appetite, weight gain
147
Trazodone
block 5-HT(2) and alpha1 receptor
insomnia and atyprical depression
sedation, nausea, priapism, postrual hypoTN
148
Ethacrynic Acid
furosamide for those w/ sulfa allergies
149
ADE: furosamide
ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (sulfa), nephritis, gout
150
Leuprolide
GnRH analogue
151
Clomiphene
antagonist estrogen at hypothalmus -> inc LH and FSH
152
Anastrozole/Exemestane
aromatase inhibitor
153
Terbutaline
B2-agonist to relax uterus
154
Danazol
partial androgen agonist
| endometriosis and hereditary angioedema
155
Flutamide
competitive inhibitor androgen
156
Ipratropium
competitive muscarinic antagonist, prevent bronchoconstriction
for COPD
157
Bosentan
endothelin-1 antagonist to dec. pulmonary vascular resistance
for pulmonary arterial hypertension
158
Baclofen
GABA(b) agonist
| for spastic conditions
159
Rasburicase
recomb uric oxidase
| use in tumor lysis syndrome
160
Primidone
antiepileptic
metabolized to phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamie
all three are active
161
Modafinil
non-amphetamine stimulant, relatively safe, less abuse
| narcolepsy
