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STEP 1 > Quick Pharm > Flashcards

Quick Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Basiliximab

A

Mab IL-2R
kidney transplant
edema, HTN, tremor

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2
Q

Oprelekin

A

IL-11

thrombocytopenia

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3
Q

Filgrastim

A

G-CSF

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4
Q

Sargramostim

A

GM-CSF

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5
Q

Aldesleukin

A

IL-2

renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma

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6
Q

Alemtuzumab

A

Mab CD52

CLL

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7
Q

Bevacizumab

A

Mab VEGF
colorectal, renal cell
humoral injection for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and wet macula degeneration

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8
Q

Cetuximab

A

Mab EGFR

Colorectal IV, head/neck cancer

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9
Q

Rituximab

A

Mab CD20

B cell non-Hodgkin, RA (w/ MTX), ITP

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10
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Mab HER2/neu

breast and gastric cancer

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11
Q

Infliximab

A

Mab TNF-alpha

IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis

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12
Q

Adalimumab

A

Mab TNF-alpha

IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis

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13
Q

Natalizumab

A

Mab alpha4-integrin
MS, Crohn’s
! risk of PML in pt. w/ JC virus

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14
Q

Abciximab

A

Mab GpIIb/IIIa (anti-platelet clotting)

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15
Q

Denosumab

A

Mab RANKL

osteoperosis (mimic osteoprotegrin)

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16
Q

Omalizumab

A 
Mab IgE (prevent IgE bind Fc-epsilon-RI on mast cell)
allergic asthma
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17
Q

Palivizumab

A

Mab RSV F protein

prophylaxis in high risk children

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18
Q

-azole

A

ergosterol synthesis inhibitors (i.e. ketoconazole)

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19
Q

-bendazole

A

antiparasitic/antihelmintic (i.e. mebendazole)

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20
Q

-cillin

A

peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor (i.e. ampicillin)

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21
Q

-cycline

A

protein synthesis inhibitor (i.e. tetracycline)

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22
Q

-ivir

A

neuraminidase inhibitor (i.e. oseltamivir)

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23
Q

-navir

A

protease inhibitor (i.e. ritonavir)

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24
Q
  • ovir
A

DNA polymerase inhibitor (i.e. acyclovir)

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25
Q

-thromycin

A

macrolide antibiotic (i.e. azithromycin)

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26
Q

-ane

A

inhalation general anesthetic (i.e. halothane)

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27
Q

-azine

A

typical antipsychotics (i.e. thioridazine)

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28
Q

-barbital

A

barbituates (i.e. phenobarbital)

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29
Q

-caine

A

local anesthetic (i.e. lidocaine)

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30
Q

-etine

A

SSRI (i.e. fluoxetine)

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31
Q

-ipramine

A

TCA (i.e. imipramine)

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32
Q

-triptan

A

Seratonin1B/1D Agonist (i.e. sumatriptan)

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33
Q

-triptyline

A

TCA (i.e. amitripyline)

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34
Q

-zepam

A

BNZ (i.e. diazepam)

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35
Q

-zolam

A

BNZ (i.e. alprazolam)

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36
Q

-chol

A

cholinergic agonist (i.e. bethanechol/carbachol)

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37
Q

-curium/-curonium

A

non-depolarizing paralytic (i.e. atracurium/vecuronium)

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38
Q

-olol

A

beta-blocker (i.e. propanolol)

also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4

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39
Q

-stigmine

A

AChE Inhibitor (i.e. neostigmine)

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40
Q

-terol

A

beta2-agonist (i.e. albuterol)

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41
Q

-zosin

A

alpha1-antagonist (i.e. prazosin)

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42
Q

-afil

A

PDE-5 inhibitor (i.e. sildenafil)

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43
Q

-dipine

A

dihydropyridine CCB (i.e. amlodipine)

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44
Q

-pril

A

ACE inhibitors (i.e. captopril)

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45
Q

-sartan

A

AT-II receptor blocker (i.e. losartan)

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46
Q

-statin

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (i.e. atorvastatin)

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47
Q

-dronate

A

bisphosphonate (i.e. aldendronate)

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48
Q

-glitazone

A

PPAR-gamma activator (i.e. rosiglitazone)

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49
Q

-prazole

A

PPI (i.e. omeprazole)

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50
Q

-prost

A

PG analog (i.e. latanoprost)

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51
Q

-tidine

A

H2-antagonist (i.e. cimetidine)

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52
Q

-tropin

A

pituitary hormone (i.e. somatotropin)

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53
Q

-ximab

A

chimeric mAb (i.e. basiliximab)

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54
Q

-zumab

A

humanized mAb (i.e. daclizumab)

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55
Q

Fenoldopam

A

D1 Agonist at coronary, peripheral, renal and splanchinic vasodilation -> dec BP and inc natriuresis

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56
Q

Bile Acid Resin

A

cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam

bad taste, dec fat soluble vitamins, cholesterol gallstones

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57
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Blocker

A

ezetimibe

inc. LFT, diarrhea

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58
Q

Fibrates

A

gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate
Inc LPL adn activate PPAR-alpha (inc HDL)
myositis, hepatotoxicity, cholesterol gallstones

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59
Q

Class IA antiarrhythmics

A

quinindine, procainamide, disopyramide
inc. refractory, duration, QT
cinchonism, SLE-like, heartfailure, thrombocytopenia, torsades

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60
Q

Class IB antiarrhythmics

A

lidocaine, mexiletine
dec duration
best post-MI
CV depression

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61
Q

Class IC antiarrhythmics

A

flecainide, propafenone
prolong refractory, same duration
Contra structural heart disease (not MI)

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62
Q

Class III antiarrhythmics

A

amiodarone, ibutilide, dofetilide, sotalol
inc. duration, refractory, QT
use as last resort

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63
Q

Amiodarone ADE

A

pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hypo/hyperthyroidism, corneal deposits, skin deposits, photodermatitis, neuro effects, constipation, bradycardia, heart block, CHF
Minor Class I, II, IV effect also
disrupt lipid membrane

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64
Q

Adenosine

A

Inc K out of cell -> hyperpolarize, abolish supraVTach

very short action (15sec)

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65
Q

Mg

A

Tx: torsades, and digoxin toxicity

66
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Inhibit thyroid peroxidase and 5’-deiodinase
Use: hyperthyroidism
ADE: agranulocytosis and fulminant hepatic failure

67
Q

Methimazole

A

inhibits thyroid peroxidase

Use: hyperthyroidism

68
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide
close K channel, Ca influx -> release insulin (need endogenous function
risk hypoglycemia with renal failure

69
Q

Glitazones/Thiazolidinediones

A

pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
bind PPAR-gamma –> inc insulin sensitivity
weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, heart failure

70
Q

alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor

A

acarbose, miglitol

delay sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption

71
Q

Amylin Analogue

A

pramlintide
dec gastric emptying, dec glucagon
hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea

72
Q

GLP-1 Analogue

A

exenatide, liraglutide
inc insulin, dec glucagon
nausea, vomit, pancreatitis

73
Q

DDP-4 Inhibitor

A

linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin
inc insulin, dec glucagon
mild urinary/respiratory infection

74
Q

Demeclocycline

A

ADH antagonist
Use: SIADH
nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth

75
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE1 Analogue -> inc. gastic mucosal barrier, dec. acid
NSAID ulcer, maintain PDA open, induce labor/cervix ripening
ADE: diarrhea, caution abortive

76
Q

Octreotide

A

long-acting somatostatin analogue
acute variceal bleed, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid
ADE: nausea, cramps, steatorrhea

77
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

combo sulfapyridine + 5-aminosalicylic acid
require activation by bacteria
ulcerative colitis, Crohn
ADE: malaise, nausea, sulfonamide toxicity, reversible oligospermia

78
Q

Ondansetron

A

5-HT3 antagonist, dec. vagal stimulation, powerful antiemetic
control post-op vomit, cancer chemo
ADE: headache, constipation

79
Q

Metoclopramide

A

D2 antagonist
inc. resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility
does not influence colon transport time
diabetic and post-op gastroparesis, antiemetic
ADE: parkinsonian, restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea
interact w/ digoxin and diabetes
Contra: small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease

80
Q

Epinephrine

A

beta>alpha

81
Q

Norepinephrine

A

alpha1>alpha2>beta1

82
Q

Isoproterenol

A

beta1=beta2

83
Q

Dopamine

A

D1=D2>beta>alpha

84
Q

Dobutamine

A

beta1>beta2, alpha

85
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha1>alpha2

86
Q

Albuterol, Salmeterol, Terbutaline

A

beta2>beta1

87
Q

Amphetamine

A

indirect agonist, reuptake inhibitor, release of stored catecholamines

88
Q

Ephedrine

A

indirect agonist, release of stored catecholamines

89
Q

Cocaine

A

indirect agonist, reuptake inhibitor

90
Q

LMWHeparin

A

enoxaparin, dalteparin
more on Xa, better bioavailability, 2-4x longer half-life
subQ w/o monitoring

91
Q

Direct Thrombin Inhbitor

A

argatroban, bivalirudin

for HIT patients

92
Q

Direct Xa Inhibitors

A

apixaban, rivoraxaban
prophylaxis DVT, PE, stroke w/ AFib
not require monitoring

93
Q

ADP Receptor Inhibitors

A

clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, ticagrelor
irreversibly block ADP recpetor, inhibit fibrinogen binding GpIIb/IIIa
acute coronary syndrome/stenting, dec risk thrombotic stroke
ADE: neutropenia, TTP/HUS

94
Q

Phosphodiesterase III Inhibitor

A

cilostazol, dipyridamole
inc cAMP in platelet, inhibit platelet aggregation; vasodilation
intermittent claudication, coronary vasodilation, prevent stroke and TIA, angina prophylaxis
ADE: nausea, headache, facial flushing, hypotension, abdominal pain

95
Q

GPIIb/IIIa Inhibitor

A

abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban
bind and prevent aggregation
unstable angina, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
ADE: bleeding thrombocytopenia

96
Q

Methotrexate

A

inhibit dihydrofolate reductase -> dec. dTMP synthesis

ADE: myelosuppression (leucovorin rescue), macrovesicular fatty liver, mucositis, Cat.X

97
Q

5-Fluorouracil

A

pyrimidine analogue, inhibit thymidylate synthase -> dec. dTMP
ADE: myelosuppression (uridine rescue), photosensitivity

98
Q

Cytarabine

A

pyrimidine analogue, inhibit DNA polymerase

ADE: pancytopenia (megaloblastic anemia)

99
Q

Azathoprine/6-Mercaptopurine/6-Thioguanine

A

purine analogue, dec. de novo purine synthesis
require HGPRT activation
metabolized by xanthine oxidase (toxicity w/ allopurinol)

100
Q

Dactinomycin

A

intercalates DNA

myelosuppression

101
Q

Doxorubicin/Daunorubicin

A 
ROS generator, intercalates DNA
dilated cardiomyopathy (give dexrazoxan), myelosuppression, alopecia
102
Q

Bleomycin

A

ROS generator
pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes, mucositis
minimal myelosuppression

103
Q

Cyclophosphomide/Ifosfamide

A

X-linking, require activation by liver

myelosuppress, hemorrhagic cystitis (give mesna)

104
Q

Carmustin/Lomustine/ Semustine

A

X-linking, require activation, cross BBB!

CNS toxicity

105
Q

Busulfan

A

X-linking

severe myelosuppression, pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation

106
Q

Vincristine/Vinblastin

A

inhibit beta-tubulin polymerization

  • cristin: neurotoxicity, paralytic ileus
  • blastin: myelosuppression
107
Q

Paclitaxel

A

hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules

myelosuppression, alopecia, hypersensitivity

108
Q

Cisplatin/Carboplatin

A

X-linking

nephrotoxicity (give amifostine), acoustic nerve damage, chloride diuresis

109
Q

Etoposide/Teniposide

A

TopoII inhibitor, inc DNA degradation

meylosuppression, GI irritation, alopecia

110
Q

Irinotecan/Topotecan

A

TopoI inhibitor, prevent unwinding and replication

severe myelosuppression, diarrhea

111
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

inhibit ribonucleotide reductase, dec. DNA synthesis
include sickle cell use
bone marrow suppression, GI upset

112
Q

Tamoxifen

A

partial agonist endometrium
agonist bone
antagonist breast

113
Q

Raloxifene

A

antagonist endometrium
agonist bone
antagonist breast

114
Q

Trastuzumab

A

mAB HER-1
breast and gastric, need to be + first
cardiotoxicity

115
Q

Vemurafenib

A 
B-Raf V600E kinase inhibitor
metastatic melanoma (esp. to brain)
116
Q

Zileuton

A

lipoxygenase inhibitor

prevent neutrophil chemotaxis, and inc. bronchial tone

117
Q

Zalfirlukast/Montelukast

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 receptor inhibitor

118
Q

Febuxostat

A

inhibit xanthine oxidase

for those allergic to allopurinol

119
Q

Allopurinol

A

inhibit xanthine oxidase
inc. concentration w/ azathioprine and 6-MP
don’t give salicylates (dec clearence)

120
Q

Probenecid

A

inhibit reabsorption of uric acid in PCT

inhibit secretion of penicillin

121
Q

Colchicine

A

bind and stabilize tubulin to prevent microtubule polymerization, impair leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation
monitor GI side effects to determine effective dose

122
Q

ADE: Phenytoin

A

nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia, teratogen, SLE-like, induce P-450, lymphadenopathy, SJS, osteopenia

123
Q

ADE: Carbamazepine

A

diplopia, ataxia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver toxicity, teratogen, induce P-450, SIADH, SJS

124
Q

ADE: Valproic Acid

A

GI, rare but fatal hepatotoxicity, neural tube defect, tremor, weight gain

125
Q

ADE: Phenobarbital

A

sedation, tolerance, dependence, induce P-450, CV resp depression

126
Q

ADE: inhaled anesthetics

A

hepatotoxicity (halothane), nephrotoxicity (methoxyflurane), proconvulsant (enflurane), expansion of trapped gas

127
Q

Butorphanol

A

mu-opioid parital agonist, kappa-opioid agonist

can cause withdrawal if taking full agonist before

128
Q

Tramadol

A

very weak opioid agonist, inhibit serotonin/NE reuptake

caution serotonin syndrome

129
Q

Short BNZ

A

triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam, alprazolam

130
Q

Med BNZ

A

lorazepam, temazepam

131
Q

Long BNZ

A

diazepam, chlordiazepoxide

132
Q

Propofol

A 
Potentiates GABA(a)
sedation in ICU, rapid anesthesia induction, short procedures
less post-op nausea
133
Q

Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Block

A

tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium, pancuronium, vecuronium, rocuronium
compete w/ ACh

134
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Dopamine agonist for ALZ

135
Q

Memantine

A

NMDA antagonist, prevent excitotoxicity

dizziness, confusion, hallucination

136
Q

High Potency Antipsychotics

A

trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol

137
Q

Low Potency Antipsychotics

A

chlorpromazine, thioridazine

138
Q

Atypical Antipsychotic

A

olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidone

139
Q

ADE: Lithium

A

tremor, sedation, edema, heart block, hypothyroidism, polyuria, teratogen (Ebstein anomaly, great vessel malformation)
narrow therapeutic window

140
Q

Buspirone

A

stimulate 5-HT(1A)
generalized anxiety
no sedation, no alcohol interaction

141
Q

SSRI

A

fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertaline, citalopram

142
Q

SNRI

A

venlafaxine, duloxetine

143
Q

TCA

A

amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, doxepin, amoxapine

144
Q

MAOI

A

tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid, selegiline

145
Q

Buproprion

A

inc. NE and Dopamine
smoking cessation, atypical depression
no sexual side effects

146
Q

Mirtazapine

A

alpha2-antagonist, potent seratonin antagonist
atypical depression
sedation, inc. appetite, weight gain

147
Q

Trazodone

A

block 5-HT(2) and alpha1 receptor
insomnia and atyprical depression
sedation, nausea, priapism, postrual hypoTN

148
Q

Ethacrynic Acid

A

furosamide for those w/ sulfa allergies

149
Q

ADE: furosamide

A

ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (sulfa), nephritis, gout

150
Q

Leuprolide

A

GnRH analogue

151
Q

Clomiphene

A

antagonist estrogen at hypothalmus -> inc LH and FSH

152
Q

Anastrozole/Exemestane

A

aromatase inhibitor

153
Q

Terbutaline

A

B2-agonist to relax uterus

154
Q

Danazol

A

partial androgen agonist

endometriosis and hereditary angioedema

155
Q

Flutamide

A

competitive inhibitor androgen

156
Q

Ipratropium

A

competitive muscarinic antagonist, prevent bronchoconstriction
for COPD

157
Q

Bosentan

A

endothelin-1 antagonist to dec. pulmonary vascular resistance
for pulmonary arterial hypertension

158
Q

Baclofen

A

GABA(b) agonist

for spastic conditions

159
Q

Rasburicase

A

recomb uric oxidase

use in tumor lysis syndrome

160
Q

Primidone

A

antiepileptic
metabolized to phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamie
all three are active

161
Q

Modafinil

A

non-amphetamine stimulant, relatively safe, less abuse

narcolepsy

STEP 1 (10 decks)

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