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STEP 1 > Lists > Flashcards

Lists Flashcards

1
Q

X-Linked Recessive Disorders

A 
Burton Agammaglobinemia
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Fabry Disease
G6PD Deficiency
Ocular Albanism
Lesch-Nyham Syndrome
Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Hunter Syndrome
Hemophilia A/B
OTC Deficiency
(Be Wise, Fool's GOLD Heeds Silly HOpe)
Adrenoleukodystrophy
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2
Q

Trinucleotide Repeat Disease

A

Huntington’s Disease (CAG)
Myotonic Dystrophy (CTG)
Friedreich’s Ataxia (GAA)
Fragile X Syndrome (CGG)

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3
Q

Robertsonia Translocation Chromosomes

A

13, 14, 15, 21, 22

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4
Q

Gram Stain Limited

A 
Treponema
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Legionella pneumophila
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
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5
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A

Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium

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6
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces

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7
Q

Obligate Intracellular

A

Rickettsia, Chlamydia

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8
Q

Facultative Intracelluar

A

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersina pestis

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9
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, group B Strep
(SHiNE SKiS)

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10
Q

Catalase Positive

A

Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia (PLACESS)

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11
Q

Urease Positive

A

Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

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12
Q

Direct Cholinergic Agonist

A

bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine, methacholine

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13
Q

Anticholinesterase

A

neostigmine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine, donepezil, rivastigamine, galantamine, edrophonium

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14
Q

Muscarinic Antagonist

A

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide, benztropine, scopolamine, ipratropium, tiotropium, oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin, glycopyrrolate

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15
Q

ADE: Coronary Vasospasm

A

cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids

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16
Q

ADE: Cutaneous Flushing

A

vancomycine, adenosine, niacin, CCB

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17
Q

ADE: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

doxorubicin, daunorubicin

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18
Q

ADE: Torsades de Pointes (prolong QT)

A

Class III (sotalol), Class IA (quinidine), macrolide (except azithromycin), antipsychotics (risperidone), TCA, chloroquine, protease inhibitors, thiazides

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19
Q

ADE: Hot Flashes

A

tamoxifen, clomiphene

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20
Q

ADE: Hyperglycemia

A

tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, niacin, HCTZ, BB, corticosteroids

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21
Q

ADE: Hypothyroidism

A

lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides

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22
Q

ADE: Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis, Jaundice

A

erythromycin

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23
Q

ADE: Diarrhea

A

metformin, erythromycin, colchicine, orlistat, acarbose

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24
Q

ADE: Hepatic Necrosis

A

halothane, Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), valproic acid, acetaminophen

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25
Q

ADE: Hepatitis

A

INH

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26
Q

ADE: Pancreatitis

A

didanosine, corticosteroids, alcohol, valproic acid, azathioprine, diuretics

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27
Q

ADE: Pseudomembranous Colitis

A

clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins

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28
Q

ADE: Agranulocytosis

A

dapsone, clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, methimazole, propylthiouracil

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29
Q

ADE: Aplastic Anemia

A

carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol, propylthiouracil

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30
Q

ADE: +Direct Coombs Hemolytic Anemia

A

methyldopa, penicillin

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31
Q

ADE: Gray Baby Syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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32
Q

ADE: G6PD Deficiency Hemolysis

A

INH, sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin

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33
Q

ADE: Megaloblastic Anemia

A

phenytoin, methotrexate, sulfa drug

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34
Q

ADE: Thrombocytopenia

A

heparin, cimetidine

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35
Q

ADE: Thrombotic Complication

A

OCPs

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36
Q

ADE: Fat Redistribution

A

protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids

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37
Q

Atypical Pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia, Virues

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38
Q

Rash Palm/Soles

A

Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever (rickettsia), Syphillus (treponema), Coxsackie

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39
Q

ADE: Gingival Hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporine, nifedipine

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40
Q

ADE: Hyperuricemia

A

pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine

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41
Q

ADE: Myopathy

A

fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychloroqine, interferon-alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids

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42
Q

ADE: Osteoporosis

A

corticosteroids, heparin

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43
Q

ADE: Photosensitivity

A

sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracycline, 5-FU

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44
Q

ADE: SJS

A

anti-epileptic drugs (ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital)

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45
Q

ADE: SLE-like

A

sulfa drugs, hydralazine, INH, procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept

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46
Q

ADE: Teeth Discoloration

A

tetracyclin

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47
Q

ADE: Tendonitis, Tendon Rupture, Cartilage Damage

A

fluoroquinolones

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48
Q

ADE: Cinchonism

A

quinidine, quinine

flushing, tinnitus, dec. hearing, blurred vision, confusion

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49
Q

ADE: Parkinson-like

A

antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide

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50
Q

ADE: Seizure

A

INH (B6 def), bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin, tramadol, enflurane, metaclopramide

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51
Q

ADE: Tardive Dyskinesia

A

antipsychotic, metoclopramide

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52
Q

ADE: Diabetes Insipidus

A

lithium, demeclocycline

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53
Q

ADE: Fanconi Syndrome (RTA-2)

A

expired tetracyclin

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54
Q

ADE: Hemorrhagic Cystitis

A

cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

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55
Q

ADE: Interstitial Nephritis

A

methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide

56
Q

ADE: SIADH

A

carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, SSRI

57
Q

ADE: dry cough

A

ACE inhibitors

58
Q

ADE: pulmonary fibrosis

A

bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan, methotrexate

59
Q

ADE: antimuscarinic

A

atropine, TCAs, H1-block, antipsychotics

60
Q

ADE: disulfiram-like

A

metronidazole, some cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st gen sulfonylureas

61
Q

ADE: nephro/ototoxicity

A

aminoglycoside, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin

62
Q

Cyp Inducers

A

chronic alcohol, modafinil, St. John’s wort, phenytoin, phenobarbital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine

63
Q

Cyp Substrates

A

anti-epileptics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics, theophylline, warfarin, statins, OCPs

64
Q

Cyp Inhibitor

A

acute alcohol, gemfibrozil, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid, Grapefruit Juice, quinidine, amiodarone, ketoconazole, macrolides, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ritonavir

65
Q

Sulfa Drugs

A

probenecid, furosemide, acetazolamide, celecoxib, thiazide, sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas

66
Q

Inc. Pulse Pressure

A

hyperthyroidism, aortic regurg, arteriosclerosis, obstructive sleep apnea (inc SNS tone), exercise (transient)

67
Q

Dec. Pulse Pressure

A

aortic stenosis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, advanced heart failure

68
Q

Inc. Contractility

A

catecholamines, inc intracellular Ca, dec extracellular Na, digitalis

69
Q

Dec. Contractility

A

B1-block, systolic dysfunction, acidosis, hypoxia/hypercapnea, non-DHP CCB

70
Q

Inc. SV

A

anxiety, exercise, pregnancy

71
Q

Inc. Myocardial O2 Demand

A

Inc. afterload, contractility, HR, wall tension (ventricular diameter)

72
Q

Inc. Viscosity

A

polycythemia, hyperproteinemic state, hereditary spherocytosis

73
Q

Dec. Viscosity

A

anemia

74
Q

Cardiac Defect: 22q11

A

truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot

75
Q

Cardiac Defect: Downs Syndrome

A

ASD, VSD, AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

76
Q

Cardiac Defect: Congenital Rubella

A

septal defect, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

77
Q

Cardiac Defect: Turner Syndrome

A

bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta (preductal)

78
Q

Cardiac Defect: Marfan Syndrome

A

MVP, thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection, aortic regurg

79
Q

Cardiac Defect: infant from DM mom

A

transposition of great vessels

80
Q

Early Cyanosis (R->L Shunt)

A

truncus arteriosus, transposition of great vessels, tricuspid atresia, tetralogy of Fallo, TAPVA

81
Q

MI Complications

A

arrhythmia: first few days
LV failure -> pulm edema
cardiogenic shock
ventricular free wall rupture -> tamponade (6-14days)
ventricular pseudoaneurysm -> plugged up with thrombus (1wk)
postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis -> friction rub (1-3days)
Dressler Syndrome: AI from fibrinous pericarditis

82
Q

Causes: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

idiopathic/congenital, chronic alcohol, wet beriberi, coxsackie B, chronic cocaine, Chagas disease, doxorubicin, hemochromatosis, peripartum cardiomyopathy

83
Q

Causes: Restrictive/Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy

A

sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, post-radiation fibrosis, endocardial fibroelastosis, Loffler syndrome, hemochromatosis

84
Q

Bacterial Endocarditis

A

fever, Roth spots, Osler nodes (tender), new murmur, Janeway lesions (painless), anemia, nail-bed hemorrhages, emboli

85
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A

Follow GAS infection
fever, erythema marginatum, valvular damage, elevate ESR, migratory polyarthritis, subcutaneous nodules, St. Vitus’ Dance (Sydenham chorea)

86
Q

Endocrine Signaling: cAMP

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH (v2), MSH, PTH, calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon

87
Q

Endocrine Signaling: cGMP

A

ANP, NO (EDRF)

the vasodilators

88
Q

Endocrine Signaling: IP3

A

GnRH, Oxytocin, ADH (v1), TRH, Histamine (h1), Angiotensin II, Gastrin

89
Q

Endocrine Signaling: steroid

A

Vit. D, Estrogen, Testosterone, T3/T4, Cortisol, Aldosterone, Progesterone

90
Q

Endocrine Signaling: RTK

A

Insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF

91
Q

Endocrine Signaling: JAK/STAT

A

Prolactin, Ig modulators, GH

92
Q

Retroperitoneal Structure

A

suprarenal glands, aorta/IVC, duodenum (2-4), pancreas, ureters, colon (descending/ascending), kidney, esophagus (lower 2/3), rectum

93
Q

Pleomorphic Adenoma

A

MC salivary tumor, benign painless, mobile mass
composed of chondromyxoid stroma and epithelium
recur if not incompletely excised or ruptured intraoperatively

94
Q

Warthin Tumor

A

paillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

benign cystic tumor with germinal centers

95
Q

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

A

MC malignant tumor w/ mucinous and squamous components

painless, slow-growing mass

96
Q

Boerhaave Syndrome

A

transmural, distal esophageal rupture due to violent retching
surgical emergency

97
Q

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

A

dysphagia (esophageal webs), iron deficiency anemia, atrophic glossitis

98
Q

Sclerodermal Esophageal Dysmotility

A

smooth muscle atrophy -> dec LES pressure -> reflux, stricture, dysphagia, Barrett, and aspiration
Part of CREST

99
Q

Risk for Esophageal Cancer

A

achalasia, alcohol, Barrett, smoking, diverticula, esophageal web, familial, obesity, GERD, hot liquids

100
Q

Causes of Acute Pancreatitis

A

idiopathic, gallstones, alcohol, trauma, steroids, mumps, autoimmune, hypertriglyceridemia, ERCP, drugs (sulfa)

101
Q

Vit K Dependent Clotting Factors

A

II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, protein C, protein S

102
Q

Inhibited by Antithrombin III

A

II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

103
Q

Acathocyte (spur cells)

A

liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia

104
Q

Basophilic Stippling

A

anemia of chronic disease, alcohol abuse, lead poisoning, thalassemias

105
Q

Bite Cell

A

G6PD deficiency

106
Q

Elliptocyte

A

hereditary elliptoctyosis

107
Q

Macro-Ovalocyte

A

megaloblastic anemia (also hypersegmented PMNs), marrow failure

108
Q

Ringed Sideroblast

A

sideroblastic anemia, excess iron in mitochondria

109
Q

Schistocytes

A

DIC, TTP/HUS, traumatic hemolysis

110
Q

Sherocyte

A

hereditary sperocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis

111
Q

Teardrop Cell

A

bone marrow inflitration

112
Q

Target Cell

A

HbC disease, asplenia, liver disease, thalassemia

113
Q

Microcytic, Hypochromatic Anemia

A

iron deficiency, alpha-thalassemia, beta-thalassemia, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anemia

114
Q

Megaloblastic Anemia

A

folate/B12 deficiency, orotic aciduria

115
Q

Non-hemolytic, Normocytic Anemia

A

anemia of chronic disease, aplastic anemia, chronic kidney disease

116
Q

Intrinsic Hemolysis, Normocytic Anemia

A

hereditary, spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency, HbC defect, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, sickle cell anemia

117
Q

Extrinsic Hemolysis, Normocytic Anemia

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia, microangiopathic anemia, macroantiopathic anemia, infections

118
Q

Micrangiopathic Anemia

A

DIC, TTP-HUS, SLE, malignant hypertension

119
Q

Causes: Aplastic Anemia

A

radiation, drug (benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agent, antimetabolites), viruses (B19, EBV, HIV, HCV), Fanconi anemia, idiopathic

120
Q

Complication: Sickle Cell

A

aplastic crisis, autosplenectomy (Howell-Jolly), splenic sequestration crisis, salmonella osteomyelitis, pain crisis (vaso-occlusive), renal papillary necrosis

121
Q

Intrinsic Hemolytic Anemia

A

hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency, HbC defect, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, sickle cell

122
Q

Extrinsic Hemolytic Anemia

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia, micro/macroangiopathic anemia, infections

123
Q

Warm Agglutin (IgG)

A

SLE, CLL, drugs (methyldopa)

124
Q

Cold Agglutin (IgM)

A

CLL, Mycoplasma pneumonia, infections mononucleosis

125
Q

Causes: DIC

A

sepsis, trauma, obstetric complication, acute pancreatitis, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, transfusion
schistocytes, inc. fibrin split product (d-dimer), dec fibrinogen, dec. V and VIII
everything goes wrong…

126
Q

Seronegative Arthropathies

A 
HLA-B27!!!
psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
reactive arthritis (Reiter)
127
Q

SLE Serology

A

ANA (Sn), anti-dsDNA (Sp), anti-Smith (snRNP), anti-histone (drug induced), anti-cardiolipin
dec. C3, C4, CH50

128
Q

Neural Crest Origin

A

melanocytes, cartilages/bone of head (from pharyngeal arches), C cells of thyroid, aurticopulmonary septum, endocardial cushion, odontoblsts, adrenal medulla, sensor/motor ganglia, schwann cells

129
Q

Increased Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

A

methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, propylene glycol, Fe tablets, INH, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates

130
Q

Normal Anion Gab Metabolic Acidosis

A

hyperalimentation, Addisons, renal tubular acidosis, diarrhea, acetazolamide, spironolactone, saline infusion

131
Q

Metabolic Alkylosis

A

loop diuretics, vomiting, antacid use, hyperaldosteronism

132
Q

Asso. Transitional Cell Carcinoma

A

phenacetin, smoking, aniline dye, cyclophosphamide

133
Q

Renal Papillary Necrosis

A

sloughing renal papillae -> gross hematuria/proteinuria

DM, acute pyelonephritis, chronic phenacetin (acetaminophen), sickle cell trait/anemia

134
Q

Right Shift - O2 Dissociation Curve

A

2,3-BPG, altitude, temperature, acid, CO2, exercise

135
Q

Inc. A-a Gradient

A

shunting, V/Q mismatch, diffusion limitation

STEP 1 (10 decks)

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