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1
Q

X-Linked Recessive Disorders

A 
Burton Agammaglobinemia
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Fabry Disease
G6PD Deficiency
Ocular Albanism
Lesch-Nyham Syndrome
Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Hunter Syndrome
Hemophilia A/B
OTC Deficiency
(Be Wise, Fool's GOLD Heeds Silly HOpe)
Adrenoleukodystrophy
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2
Q

Trinucleotide Repeat Disease

A

Huntington’s Disease (CAG)
Myotonic Dystrophy (CTG)
Friedreich’s Ataxia (GAA)
Fragile X Syndrome (CGG)

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3
Q

Robertsonia Translocation Chromosomes

A

13, 14, 15, 21, 22

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4
Q

Gram Stain Limited

A 
Treponema
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Legionella pneumophila
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
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5
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A

Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium

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6
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces

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7
Q

Obligate Intracellular

A

Rickettsia, Chlamydia

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8
Q

Facultative Intracelluar

A

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersina pestis

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9
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, group B Strep
(SHiNE SKiS)

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10
Q

Catalase Positive

A

Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia (PLACESS)

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11
Q

Urease Positive

A

Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

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12
Q

Direct Cholinergic Agonist

A

bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine, methacholine

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13
Q

Anticholinesterase

A

neostigmine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine, donepezil, rivastigamine, galantamine, edrophonium

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14
Q

Muscarinic Antagonist

A

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide, benztropine, scopolamine, ipratropium, tiotropium, oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin, glycopyrrolate

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15
Q

ADE: Coronary Vasospasm

A

cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids

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16
Q

ADE: Cutaneous Flushing

A

vancomycine, adenosine, niacin, CCB

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17
Q

ADE: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

doxorubicin, daunorubicin

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18
Q

ADE: Torsades de Pointes (prolong QT)

A

Class III (sotalol), Class IA (quinidine), macrolide (except azithromycin), antipsychotics (risperidone), TCA, chloroquine, protease inhibitors, thiazides

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19
Q

ADE: Hot Flashes

A

tamoxifen, clomiphene

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20
Q

ADE: Hyperglycemia

A

tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, niacin, HCTZ, BB, corticosteroids

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21
Q

ADE: Hypothyroidism

A

lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides

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22
Q

ADE: Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis, Jaundice

A

erythromycin

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23
Q

ADE: Diarrhea

A

metformin, erythromycin, colchicine, orlistat, acarbose

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24
Q

ADE: Hepatic Necrosis

A

halothane, Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), valproic acid, acetaminophen

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25
ADE: Hepatitis
INH
26
ADE: Pancreatitis
didanosine, corticosteroids, alcohol, valproic acid, azathioprine, diuretics
27
ADE: Pseudomembranous Colitis
clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins
28
ADE: Agranulocytosis
dapsone, clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, methimazole, propylthiouracil
29
ADE: Aplastic Anemia
carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol, propylthiouracil
30
ADE: +Direct Coombs Hemolytic Anemia
methyldopa, penicillin
31
ADE: Gray Baby Syndrome
Chloramphenicol
32
ADE: G6PD Deficiency Hemolysis
INH, sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin
33
ADE: Megaloblastic Anemia
phenytoin, methotrexate, sulfa drug
34
ADE: Thrombocytopenia
heparin, cimetidine
35
ADE: Thrombotic Complication
OCPs
36
ADE: Fat Redistribution
protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids
37
Atypical Pneumonia
Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia, Virues
38
Rash Palm/Soles
Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever (rickettsia), Syphillus (treponema), Coxsackie
39
ADE: Gingival Hyperplasia
Phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporine, nifedipine
40
ADE: Hyperuricemia
pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine
41
ADE: Myopathy
fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychloroqine, interferon-alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids
42
ADE: Osteoporosis
corticosteroids, heparin
43
ADE: Photosensitivity
sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracycline, 5-FU
44
ADE: SJS
anti-epileptic drugs (ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital)
45
ADE: SLE-like
sulfa drugs, hydralazine, INH, procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept
46
ADE: Teeth Discoloration
tetracyclin
47
ADE: Tendonitis, Tendon Rupture, Cartilage Damage
fluoroquinolones
48
ADE: Cinchonism
quinidine, quinine | flushing, tinnitus, dec. hearing, blurred vision, confusion
49
ADE: Parkinson-like
antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide
50
ADE: Seizure
INH (B6 def), bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin, tramadol, enflurane, metaclopramide
51
ADE: Tardive Dyskinesia
antipsychotic, metoclopramide
52
ADE: Diabetes Insipidus
lithium, demeclocycline
53
ADE: Fanconi Syndrome (RTA-2)
expired tetracyclin
54
ADE: Hemorrhagic Cystitis
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
55
ADE: Interstitial Nephritis
methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide
56
ADE: SIADH
carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, SSRI
57
ADE: dry cough
ACE inhibitors
58
ADE: pulmonary fibrosis
bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan, methotrexate
59
ADE: antimuscarinic
atropine, TCAs, H1-block, antipsychotics
60
ADE: disulfiram-like
metronidazole, some cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st gen sulfonylureas
61
ADE: nephro/ototoxicity
aminoglycoside, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin
62
Cyp Inducers
chronic alcohol, modafinil, St. John's wort, phenytoin, phenobarbital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine
63
Cyp Substrates
anti-epileptics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics, theophylline, warfarin, statins, OCPs
64
Cyp Inhibitor
acute alcohol, gemfibrozil, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid, Grapefruit Juice, quinidine, amiodarone, ketoconazole, macrolides, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ritonavir
65
Sulfa Drugs
probenecid, furosemide, acetazolamide, celecoxib, thiazide, sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas
66
Inc. Pulse Pressure
hyperthyroidism, aortic regurg, arteriosclerosis, obstructive sleep apnea (inc SNS tone), exercise (transient)
67
Dec. Pulse Pressure
aortic stenosis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, advanced heart failure
68
Inc. Contractility
catecholamines, inc intracellular Ca, dec extracellular Na, digitalis
69
Dec. Contractility
B1-block, systolic dysfunction, acidosis, hypoxia/hypercapnea, non-DHP CCB
70
Inc. SV
anxiety, exercise, pregnancy
71
Inc. Myocardial O2 Demand
Inc. afterload, contractility, HR, wall tension (ventricular diameter)
72
Inc. Viscosity
polycythemia, hyperproteinemic state, hereditary spherocytosis
73
Dec. Viscosity
anemia
74
Cardiac Defect: 22q11
truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot
75
Cardiac Defect: Downs Syndrome
ASD, VSD, AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
76
Cardiac Defect: Congenital Rubella
septal defect, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis
77
Cardiac Defect: Turner Syndrome
bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta (preductal)
78
Cardiac Defect: Marfan Syndrome
MVP, thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection, aortic regurg
79
Cardiac Defect: infant from DM mom
transposition of great vessels
80
Early Cyanosis (R->L Shunt)
truncus arteriosus, transposition of great vessels, tricuspid atresia, tetralogy of Fallo, TAPVA
81
MI Complications
arrhythmia: first few days LV failure -> pulm edema cardiogenic shock ventricular free wall rupture -> tamponade (6-14days) ventricular pseudoaneurysm -> plugged up with thrombus (1wk) postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis -> friction rub (1-3days) Dressler Syndrome: AI from fibrinous pericarditis
82
Causes: Dilated Cardiomyopathy
idiopathic/congenital, chronic alcohol, wet beriberi, coxsackie B, chronic cocaine, Chagas disease, doxorubicin, hemochromatosis, peripartum cardiomyopathy
83
Causes: Restrictive/Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy
sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, post-radiation fibrosis, endocardial fibroelastosis, Loffler syndrome, hemochromatosis
84
Bacterial Endocarditis
fever, Roth spots, Osler nodes (tender), new murmur, Janeway lesions (painless), anemia, nail-bed hemorrhages, emboli
85
Rheumatic Fever
Follow GAS infection fever, erythema marginatum, valvular damage, elevate ESR, migratory polyarthritis, subcutaneous nodules, St. Vitus' Dance (Sydenham chorea)
86
Endocrine Signaling: cAMP
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH (v2), MSH, PTH, calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon
87
Endocrine Signaling: cGMP
ANP, NO (EDRF) | the vasodilators
88
Endocrine Signaling: IP3
GnRH, Oxytocin, ADH (v1), TRH, Histamine (h1), Angiotensin II, Gastrin
89
Endocrine Signaling: steroid
Vit. D, Estrogen, Testosterone, T3/T4, Cortisol, Aldosterone, Progesterone
90
Endocrine Signaling: RTK
Insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF
91
Endocrine Signaling: JAK/STAT
Prolactin, Ig modulators, GH
92
Retroperitoneal Structure
suprarenal glands, aorta/IVC, duodenum (2-4), pancreas, ureters, colon (descending/ascending), kidney, esophagus (lower 2/3), rectum
93
Pleomorphic Adenoma
MC salivary tumor, benign painless, mobile mass composed of chondromyxoid stroma and epithelium recur if not incompletely excised or ruptured intraoperatively
94
Warthin Tumor
paillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum | benign cystic tumor with germinal centers
95
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
MC malignant tumor w/ mucinous and squamous components | painless, slow-growing mass
96
Boerhaave Syndrome
transmural, distal esophageal rupture due to violent retching surgical emergency
97
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
dysphagia (esophageal webs), iron deficiency anemia, atrophic glossitis
98
Sclerodermal Esophageal Dysmotility
smooth muscle atrophy -> dec LES pressure -> reflux, stricture, dysphagia, Barrett, and aspiration Part of CREST
99
Risk for Esophageal Cancer
achalasia, alcohol, Barrett, smoking, diverticula, esophageal web, familial, obesity, GERD, hot liquids
100
Causes of Acute Pancreatitis
idiopathic, gallstones, alcohol, trauma, steroids, mumps, autoimmune, hypertriglyceridemia, ERCP, drugs (sulfa)
101
Vit K Dependent Clotting Factors
II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, protein C, protein S
102
Inhibited by Antithrombin III
II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
103
Acathocyte (spur cells)
liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia
104
Basophilic Stippling
anemia of chronic disease, alcohol abuse, lead poisoning, thalassemias
105
Bite Cell
G6PD deficiency
106
Elliptocyte
hereditary elliptoctyosis
107
Macro-Ovalocyte
megaloblastic anemia (also hypersegmented PMNs), marrow failure
108
Ringed Sideroblast
sideroblastic anemia, excess iron in mitochondria
109
Schistocytes
DIC, TTP/HUS, traumatic hemolysis
110
Sherocyte
hereditary sperocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis
111
Teardrop Cell
bone marrow inflitration
112
Target Cell
HbC disease, asplenia, liver disease, thalassemia
113
Microcytic, Hypochromatic Anemia
iron deficiency, alpha-thalassemia, beta-thalassemia, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anemia
114
Megaloblastic Anemia
folate/B12 deficiency, orotic aciduria
115
Non-hemolytic, Normocytic Anemia
anemia of chronic disease, aplastic anemia, chronic kidney disease
116
Intrinsic Hemolysis, Normocytic Anemia
hereditary, spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency, HbC defect, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, sickle cell anemia
117
Extrinsic Hemolysis, Normocytic Anemia
autoimmune hemolytic anemia, microangiopathic anemia, macroantiopathic anemia, infections
118
Micrangiopathic Anemia
DIC, TTP-HUS, SLE, malignant hypertension
119
Causes: Aplastic Anemia
radiation, drug (benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agent, antimetabolites), viruses (B19, EBV, HIV, HCV), Fanconi anemia, idiopathic
120
Complication: Sickle Cell
aplastic crisis, autosplenectomy (Howell-Jolly), splenic sequestration crisis, salmonella osteomyelitis, pain crisis (vaso-occlusive), renal papillary necrosis
121
Intrinsic Hemolytic Anemia
hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency, HbC defect, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, sickle cell
122
Extrinsic Hemolytic Anemia
autoimmune hemolytic anemia, micro/macroangiopathic anemia, infections
123
Warm Agglutin (IgG)
SLE, CLL, drugs (methyldopa)
124
Cold Agglutin (IgM)
CLL, Mycoplasma pneumonia, infections mononucleosis
125
Causes: DIC
sepsis, trauma, obstetric complication, acute pancreatitis, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, transfusion schistocytes, inc. fibrin split product (d-dimer), dec fibrinogen, dec. V and VIII everything goes wrong...
126
Seronegative Arthropathies
``` HLA-B27!!! psoriatic arthritis ankylosing spondylitis IBD reactive arthritis (Reiter) ```
127
SLE Serology
ANA (Sn), anti-dsDNA (Sp), anti-Smith (snRNP), anti-histone (drug induced), anti-cardiolipin dec. C3, C4, CH50
128
Neural Crest Origin
melanocytes, cartilages/bone of head (from pharyngeal arches), C cells of thyroid, aurticopulmonary septum, endocardial cushion, odontoblsts, adrenal medulla, sensor/motor ganglia, schwann cells
129
Increased Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, propylene glycol, Fe tablets, INH, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates
130
Normal Anion Gab Metabolic Acidosis
hyperalimentation, Addisons, renal tubular acidosis, diarrhea, acetazolamide, spironolactone, saline infusion
131
Metabolic Alkylosis
loop diuretics, vomiting, antacid use, hyperaldosteronism
132
Asso. Transitional Cell Carcinoma
phenacetin, smoking, aniline dye, cyclophosphamide
133
Renal Papillary Necrosis
sloughing renal papillae -> gross hematuria/proteinuria | DM, acute pyelonephritis, chronic phenacetin (acetaminophen), sickle cell trait/anemia
134
Right Shift - O2 Dissociation Curve
2,3-BPG, altitude, temperature, acid, CO2, exercise
135
Inc. A-a Gradient
shunting, V/Q mismatch, diffusion limitation

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