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Praxis Cards Already Memorized > Questions I keep missing > Flashcards

Questions I keep missing Flashcards

1
Q

The structure that regulates body posture, equilibrium, and coordinated fne motor movements is the ________.

A

cerebellum

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2
Q

What is the corpus striatum composed of?

A

globus padillus, caudate nucleus and putamen

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3
Q

These are composed of a ring of connective tissue and muscle extending from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the larynz. They seperate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway.

A

Aryepiglottic folds

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4
Q

Important structure adjavent to the brainstem that contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus is called the ___________.

A

diecephalon.

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5
Q

Who believed that stuttering indicated a social role conflict?

A

Sheenan

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6
Q

Research on prevalance of stuttering has shown what?

A
  • -familial incidence is higher than general population
  • -sons of stuttering mothers run greater risk than sons of stuttering fathers
  • -blood relatives of stuttering woman run greater risk than those of a stuttering man.
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7
Q

What type of words are preschool children more likely to sstutter on?

A

Function

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8
Q

Who proprosed that stuttering is limited to part-word repetitions and sound prolongations, stuttering is due to classically conditioned negative emotion and that some dysfluencies are operantly conditioned?

A

Brutten and Shoemaker

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9
Q

What is taught in fluent stuttering approach?

A

cancellations, pull-outs and preparatory sets.

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10
Q

Which theory proprosed that lack of a unilateral domnant hemispehere is the cause of stuttering?

A

cerebral dominance theory

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11
Q

What is established when an investigator coundts the number of individuals who currently have a particular disorder?

A

prevalance

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12
Q

What is one technique of direct stuttering reduction method?

A

response cost.

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13
Q

To distinguis neurogenci stuttering from that of early onset stuttering you assess the effects of what?

A

DAF and adaptation.

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14
Q

Signs that seperate neurogenic stuttering from early developmental stuttering are….

A
  • -no or minimal adaptation effect
  • -reduction upon reading
  • -minimal variability in stuttering across speech tasks
  • -minimal effects of delayed auditory feedback
  • -no associated motor behaviors
  • -no obvious anxiety in speaking siutations
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15
Q

One fact about the adapatation affect?

A

Most reduction occurs by 5th reading.

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16
Q

Content validity

A

based on a thorough examination of all test items to determine if the items are relevant to measuring what the test purports to measure, and whether the items adequately sample the full range of the skill being measured

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17
Q

Experimental Group Designs

A

-One experimental group and one control group-

Pretest-post test is common group design

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18
Q

Experimental Group Designs Advantages

A

Strong internal validity in that extraneous or confounding variables are ruled out

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19
Q

Experimental Group Designs Limitations

A

not always possible to draw random participants from specific clinical populations

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20
Q

Single Subject Design

A

Demonstrates cause and effect relationship

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21
Q

Single Subject Design Advantages

A

–clients who serve as participants receive treatment –help generalize research studies to individual clients, easily replicated

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22
Q

Single Subject Design Disadvantages

A

one or few studies cannot be generalized to population, not efficient in predicting the behavior profile of groups of individuals.

23
Q

The Pearson r is used to _____________

A

express strength of correlational relationship

24
Q

Pearson r range is ______ to _____

A

-1.0 to +1.0.

25
Q

Pearson r stronger more positive relationship

A

Closer to +1.0

26
Q

Pearson r stronger and more negative relationship

A

closer to -1.0

27
Q

Pearson r weak relationship

A

0

28
Q

a pearson r of .35 is ______

A

weak

29
Q

Types of measurement scales

present or absent
Items classified into discrete categories that do not have a numerical relationship
E.g. survey where respondents are asked if they never, sometimes, or always use a certain clinical practice.

A

Nominal

30
Q

Types of measurement scales

Same as interval but numerical values must be related to an absolute zero point
Zero suggests an absence of the property being measured.
E.g. measuring stuttering, 0-10

A

Ratio

31
Q

Types of measurement scales

Can be arranged according to rank orders or levels
Numbers do not have mathematical meaning
E.g. 1=strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=netral, 4=disagree, 5=strongly disagree

A

Ordinal

32
Q

Types of measurement scales

Numerical scale that can be arranged according to rank orders
Scale of 1-10

A

Interval

33
Q

External factors that affect Validity

A
  1. Hawthorne Effect-extend to which results are affected by participants knowledge of a study
  2. Multiple Treatment Interference-multiple independent variables and treatments being assessed
  3. Reactive or interactive effects of pretesting-pretest sensitizing the participant to the study
34
Q

Internal factors that affect validity:

Instrumentation

A

-problems with measuring devices

35
Q

Internal factors that affect validity:

History

A

subjects life events that may be responsible for changes

36
Q

Internal factors that affect validity:

Statistical Regression

A

behavior that goes from an extreme high or low point to an average level

37
Q

Internal factors that affect validity:

atrition

A

problem of losing clients

38
Q

Internal factors that affect validity:

Maturation-

A

biological and other kinds of changes within the participants themselves

39
Q

Internal factors that affect validity:

testing

A

the change that occurs in the dependent variable simply because it has been measured more than once

40
Q

Internal factors that affect validity:

Subject Selection Bias-

A

subjective factors that influence the selection of who participates in the study

41
Q

Internal factors that affect validity:

Interaction of Factors

A

combination of factors

42
Q

Hearing:

Myringoplasty

A

repairs tympanic membrane

43
Q

threshold

A

quietest sound a human can detect.

44
Q

Visipitch-obtains resulrs for ????

A
  • frequency range
  • optimal pitch
  • habitual pitch
45
Q

Non-nutritive sucking

A

brst and pauses in breastfeeding.

46
Q

AAC that used bioelectrical signals such as muscle-action potentials to activate and display messages on a computer monitor.

A

Neuro-assisted system-

47
Q

therapy including orientation information being given to patient to help with understanding and awareness of the environment

A

Reality Orientation

48
Q

Asian speakers

A
  • -shorten polysyllabic words,
  • -r and l confusion
  • substitute shock for shack
49
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction related to cleft palate is due to lack of what?

A

tensor veli palatini muscle

50
Q

In Celphalmoetric analysis of velopharungeal stuctures computer programs analyzes the ratio between the length of the soft palate and depth of the nasopharnx. A ratio of what indicates adequate velopharyngeal closure for speech?

A

60-80

51
Q

The surgical method that involves raising two bipedocled flaps of mucoperiosteim and attaching them to close the cleft is called what?

A

von Langenbeck surgical method

52
Q

Cause of Williams Syndrome

A

deletion of approzimately 25 genes on one copy of chromosome 7q11.23

53
Q

Cuaue of Marfan Syndrome

A

autosomal dominant caused by mutations in FBN1 gene.

Praxis Cards Already Memorized (12 decks)

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