multiculturalism

Question 1

Articulation:

■ /l/ lessened or omitted (“too” for “tool”)
■ /r/ lessened or omitted (“doah” for “door”)
■ /f/ substitution for voiceless /th/ at final or medial position (“teef” for
“teeth”)
■ /t/ substitution for voiceless /th/ at initial position (“tink” for “think”)

Answer 1

AAE

Articulation
4

Question 2

Morphology and Syntax:

■ Omission of plurals (“He got two box of apple.”)
■ Omission of possessives (“That the woman car.”)
■ Omission of third-person singular present-tense (“She walk to school.”)
■ Omission of copula (“She a nice lady.”)
■ Use of the perfective (distant past) construction “been” (“I been had a marble collection when I was 7.”)

Answer 2

AAE

(morphology and syntax)

5

Question 3

Morphology and Syntax:

■Omission of plurals
■ Omission of possessives
■ Omitted past tense morpheme
■ Adjectives following nouns (“The house green.”)
■ Auxiliary past tense construction (“Did he bit somebody?”)
■ Double negatives

Answer 3

Spanish

(morphology and syntax)

6

Question 4

Morphology and Syntax:

■ Omission of plurals
■ Omission of copula (“He going home now.”)
■ Omission of past-tense morpheme
■ Past tense double marking

Answer 4

Asian

(morphology and syntax)

4

Question 5

Articulation:

■ Omission of final consonants
■ Truncate polysyllabic words and make most monosyllabic
■ Devoicing of voiced consonants
■ /r/ and /l/ confusion

Answer 5

Asian

(Articulation)

4

Question 6

Articulation:

■ Dentalized /t/, /d/, /n/
■ Devoiced final consonants
■ /b/ substitution for /v/
■ /ch/ substitution for /sh/

Answer 6

Spanish

(Articulation)

4

Question 7

A Cambodian child is referred to you because the teacher “can’t understand a word he

says. ” In the course of your speech–language screening, you record the following
utterances. Which might be typical of an articulation disorder, not a difference?

A. “The funny circus crown had red nose.”
B. “I won’t ste on your toes.”
C. “Please hand me the block [black] one.”
D. “I am derry [very] appy [happy] to meet your tids [kids].”

Answer 7

D.

Question 8

If an African American adult patient in a hospital setting says, “I been had the measles
when I was a kid,” this is an example of

Answer 8

a perfective construction