Acoustics

Question 1

Allophones

Answer 1

variations of phonemes that do not change word meaning but change pronunciation.

Question 2

Syllable

Answer 2

smallest phonetic unit made up of onset, nucleus and coda.

Question 3

Onset

Answer 3

initial consonant or cluster

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

vowel or dipthong in the middle of the syllable

Question 5

Coda

Answer 5

consonant at the end of the syllable

Question 6

Suprasegmentals

Answer 6

features of prosody that add meaning

Question 7

Juncture

Answer 7

the combination of suprasegmentals such as intonation and pausing that mark special distinctions in speech.

Question 8

Sound waves

Answer 8

movement of particles in a medium containing expands and contractions of molecules

Question 9

Compression

Answer 9

phase of sound in where movements of an object increase the density of air molecules because the molecules are compressed

Question 10

Rarefaction

Answer 10

thinning of air molecules

Question 11

Simple harmonic motion

Answer 11

back and forth movement of particles with the movement is symmetric and periodic aka sine wave

Question 12

Sinusoidal motion

Answer 12

a single frequency that is symmetrical and the result of a simple harmonic motion

Question 13

Aperiodic waves

Answer 13

do not repeat at regular intervals

Question 14

Periodic waves

Answer 14

repeat at regular intervals

Question 15

Amplitude

Answer 15

magnitude of displacement

Question 16

Intensity-

Answer 16

the quality of sound that creates a sensation of loudness

Question 17

Oscillation

Answer 17

back and forth movement of air molecules due to vibrating object

Question 18

Frequency

Answer 18

number of cycles per second or 1 Hz

Question 19

Formant frequency

Answer 19

frequency region with concentrated acoustic energy

Question 20

Fundamental frequency

Answer 20

lowest frequency of a periodic wave

Question 21

Impedance

Answer 21

acoustic resistance

Question 22

Speech sounds are classified according to two approaches…..

Answer 22

DFA and P-M-V.

Question 23

Complex tone

Answer 23

two or more single frequency tones of different frequencies.

Question 24

Period

Answer 24

amount of time needed for a cycle to be completed.

Question 25

Pitch

Answer 25

related to frequency

Question 26

Amplitude-

Answer 26

sound pressure related to loudness

Question 27

Hearing level

Answer 27

minimum intensity to stimulate the human auditory system

Question 28

Sound spectrograph-

Answer 28

electronic instrument that graphically records the changing intensity levels of the frequency components in a complex wave creating a spectrogram that displays time, frequency and intensity.

Question 29

Vowels are described according to frequencies of …..

Answer 29

first 3 formants (F1, F2, F3)

Question 30

FF of vowels varies with….

Answer 30

their height

Question 31

High vowels have….

Answer 31

higher FF

Question 32

F1 vaires mostly as a result of

Answer 32

tongue height

Question 33

F2 varies as a result of

Answer 33

tongue advancement

Question 34

Voice onset time=

Answer 34

the time between release of the stop consonant and the beginig of the vowel.