Questions and Negatives Flashcards
Who came up with the research
Bellugi & McNeill
Who came up with the different stages
Crystal
What are the different stages of question development (in order)
Intonation
Use of question words
Manipulation of syntax
Intonation
Imitated from caregivers.
Signals that a question is being ask by the rising tone at the end.
Question words
Interrogatives
“W” words + how
(however still omit parts of the sentence such as auxiliary verbs, prepositions etc)
Manipulation of syntax
Used to create longer and more detailed sentences
Children start to use auxiliary verbs and and also learnt o form questions by reversing the word order of a sentence
Example of manipulation of syntax
Joe is here –> Is Joe here?
What are the different stages of negative formation (in order)
use of negative on its own two word combinations using negative in the middle of the sentence use of contractions increased complexity in the negatives saying "no" without saying "no"
Use of negatives on their own
Single dependance on the words “no” and “not”
Two word combinations of negative
Negative is placed at the beginning of the utterance
“no teddy”
Use of negatives in the middle of sentences
Manipulation of syntax
“I not want apple”
Use of contractions
Placed after the subject of the sentence and before the verb.
Sometimes placed with an auxiliary too.
do not –> don’t
“She can’t play”
Increased complexity and range of negatives
Examples like “haven’t” and “hardly”
Saying “no” without saying “no”
A trick which adults often use with children which they then soon to pick up themselves.
“yeah, almost”
General rule of learning development
The longer and more complex the expression, the longer it takes to master.
