Holophrastic Stage (over and underextension) Flashcards
Examples of overextension
- word “moon” for other round objects
- word “car” for all vehicles
- word “dog” for all animals
Define overextension
Extending a words meaning to more than just one thing. The child “groups” items together (usually baring some sort of similarity) and calls them all by one name
Define underextention
Narrowing down the meaning of a word to only define things of their personal belonging
Examples of underextention
- word “shoes” only applies to their shoes
- word “dog” only applies to the family dog
What does holophrastic mean
A whole sentence is expressed in one word
E.g “more” might mean “I want more”
Who noted the three forms of overextension and when?
Leslie Rescorla in 1980
What are the three forms of overextension?
- Categorical
- analogical
- mismatch or predicate statements
Categorical overextension
Word for a member of a clear category I’d extended to other members of the category
E.g “Apple” to all types of fruit
Analogical overextension
A word is extended to other objects which bare some similarity but are not normally associated with each other
E.g “cat” for a soft scarf
Mismatch or predicate statements
When associating objects together that bare no similarity but the child might have seen them together
E.g “mummy” for their mother’s coat
Percentage of the three forms of overextension is Rescorla’s data
15% - analogical overextension
25% - mismatch or predicate statement
60% - categorical overextension
An example of what to write when displaying overextention
A child might use the hyponym _____ to stand in place for the hypernym _____.
What is a Hyponym
A subject within the category (apple)
What is a hypernym
The category (fruit)
An example of what to write when displaying underextention
A child might use the hyponym _____ to only mean their own personal possessions etc.
