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RESPIRATORY - RIA > questions > Flashcards

questions Flashcards

1
Q

management of atelectasis

A

chest physiotherapy
&
deep breathing exercises

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2
Q

differentials for early post op breathing difficulty

A
  • atelectasis
  • pe
  • pneumonia
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3
Q

what is atelectasis caused by

A

airway becomes obstructed by bronchial secretions

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4
Q

mechanism of varencline

A

nicotinic receptor partial agonist

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5
Q

diagnostic investigation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

high resolution CT scan

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6
Q

investigation for patients with known or suspected lung cancer

A

contrast enhanced CT scan of chest, liver & adrenals

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of Kartageners syndrome

A

dynein arm defect results in immotile cilia causing bronchiectasis (tram-track opacities)

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8
Q

what are the indications for starting corticosteroid treatment for patients with sarcoidosis? (5)

A
  • uveitis
  • parenchymal lung disease
  • hypercalcaemia
  • neurological involvement
  • cardiac involvement
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9
Q

most common organism causing infective exacerbations of COPD is

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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10
Q

criteria for offering long term oxygen therapy to a COPD patient

A

2 ABG’s with PaO2 < 7.3kPa

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11
Q

conditions may cause an increased KCO with a normal or reduced TLCO

A
  • pneumonectomy/lobectomy
  • scoliosis/kyphosis
  • neuromuscular weakness
  • ankylosis of costovertebral joints e.g. ankylosing spondylitis
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12
Q

antibiotic that should be avoided in patients with long QT syndrome

A

clarithromycin

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13
Q

Chest drain swinging

A

Rises in inspiration, falls in expiration

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14
Q

causes of anterior mediatstinal mass (4 Ts)

A
  • Thymus mass
  • thyroid mass
  • teratoma
  • terrrible lymphadenopathy
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15
Q

rare but important complication of draining a pleural effusion too quickly

A

re expansion pulmnonary oedema

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16
Q

empyema findings on cytology etc

A

Turbid effusion with pH<7.2, Low glucose, High LDH

17
Q

patients with COPD that are most likley to benefit from non invasive ventilation - what pH?

A

pH 7.25-7.35

18
Q

4 contraindications for lung cancer surgery?

A
  • SVC obstruction
  • FEV < 1.5
  • malignant pleural effusion
  • vocal cord paralysis
19
Q

name some causes of upper zone pulmonary fibrosis

A 
Tuberculosis
sarcoidoisis 
ank spon 
radiation 
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Coal worker's pneumoconiosis
20
Q

cause of lower zone pulmonary fibrosis

A

Amiodarone
Abstestosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

21
Q

what are cannonball mets typically from?

A

renal cell carcinoma

22
Q

which lung cancer is associated with gynaecomastia & HPOA?

A

adenocarcinoma

23
Q

combination of pulmonary haemorrhage (haemoptysis), renal impairment (rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis) and flat or saddle nose (due to a collapse of the nasal septum)

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

24
Q

Haemoptysis
Systemically unwell: fever, nausea
Glomerulonephritis

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

25
Q

Differential diagnoses for early postoperative shortness of breath

A

atelectasis, pneumonia and pulmonary embolism

26
Q

LTOT should be offered to patients with

A

pO2 of < 7.3 kPa or to those with a pO2 of 7.3 - 8 kPa and one of the following:

secondary polycythaemia
nocturnal hypoxaemia
peripheral oedema
pulmonary hypertension

27
Q

what antiemetic should be used for nausea and vomiting in palliative care & why?

A

domapine (D2) receptor antagonists such as metoclopramide for n&v that is due to gastric dysmotility and stasis

28
Q

Hyoscine butylbromide

A

(also known as scopolamine butylbromide) is the correct answer in this case. It is an antimuscarinic drug that reduces smooth muscle contractions. It is therefore useful in the treatment of colicky pain.

29
Q

preferred opioids in patients with chronic kidney disease.

A

Alfentanil, buprenorphine and fentanyl

30
Q

conversion factor between oral codeine and oral morphine

A

divide by 10

31
Q

oral to subcutaneous morphine conversion

A

divide by 2

32
Q

convert from oral morphine to diamorphine

A

divided by 3

33
Q

Breakthrough dose

A

1/6th of daily morphine dose

34
Q

Syringe drivers: respiratory secretions & bowel colic treated with?

A

hyoscine

35
Q

first line anti-emetic for intracranial causes of nausea and vomiting

A

cyclizine

36
Q

mechanism of cyclizine

A

H1 receptor antagonists

37
Q

Hiccups in palliative care

A

chlorpromazine or haloperidol

RESPIRATORY - RIA (8 decks)

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