questions Flashcards
management of atelectasis
chest physiotherapy
&
deep breathing exercises
differentials for early post op breathing difficulty
- atelectasis
- pe
- pneumonia
what is atelectasis caused by
airway becomes obstructed by bronchial secretions
mechanism of varencline
nicotinic receptor partial agonist
diagnostic investigation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
high resolution CT scan
investigation for patients with known or suspected lung cancer
contrast enhanced CT scan of chest, liver & adrenals
Pathogenesis of Kartageners syndrome
dynein arm defect results in immotile cilia causing bronchiectasis (tram-track opacities)
what are the indications for starting corticosteroid treatment for patients with sarcoidosis? (5)
- uveitis
- parenchymal lung disease
- hypercalcaemia
- neurological involvement
- cardiac involvement
most common organism causing infective exacerbations of COPD is
Haemophilus influenzae
criteria for offering long term oxygen therapy to a COPD patient
2 ABG’s with PaO2 < 7.3kPa
conditions may cause an increased KCO with a normal or reduced TLCO
- pneumonectomy/lobectomy
- scoliosis/kyphosis
- neuromuscular weakness
- ankylosis of costovertebral joints e.g. ankylosing spondylitis
antibiotic that should be avoided in patients with long QT syndrome
clarithromycin
Chest drain swinging
Rises in inspiration, falls in expiration
causes of anterior mediatstinal mass (4 Ts)
- Thymus mass
- thyroid mass
- teratoma
- terrrible lymphadenopathy
rare but important complication of draining a pleural effusion too quickly
re expansion pulmnonary oedema
empyema findings on cytology etc
Turbid effusion with pH<7.2, Low glucose, High LDH
patients with COPD that are most likley to benefit from non invasive ventilation - what pH?
pH 7.25-7.35
4 contraindications for lung cancer surgery?
- SVC obstruction
- FEV < 1.5
- malignant pleural effusion
- vocal cord paralysis
name some causes of upper zone pulmonary fibrosis
Tuberculosis sarcoidoisis ank spon radiation hypersensitivity pneumonitis Coal worker's pneumoconiosis
cause of lower zone pulmonary fibrosis
Amiodarone
Abstestosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
what are cannonball mets typically from?
renal cell carcinoma
which lung cancer is associated with gynaecomastia & HPOA?
adenocarcinoma
combination of pulmonary haemorrhage (haemoptysis), renal impairment (rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis) and flat or saddle nose (due to a collapse of the nasal septum)
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Haemoptysis
Systemically unwell: fever, nausea
Glomerulonephritis
Goodpasture’s syndrome
