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RESPIRATORY - RIA > Lung cancer > Flashcards

Lung cancer Flashcards

1
Q

3 main histological types of lung cancer

A
  • Squamous cell (35%)
  • Small cell (20%)
  • Adenocarcinoma (27%)
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2
Q

most common lung cancer in non smokers

A

Adenocarcinoma

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3
Q

what can horners syndrome be caused by

A

apical pancoats tumour

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4
Q

pathway between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma

A

pleural plaques on parietal & diaphragmatic pleura –> risk of mesothelioma

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5
Q

endocrine cells that SCLC arises from

A

APUD/ Kulchitsky cells

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6
Q

3 types of non SCLC

A
  • adenocarcinoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • large cell carcinoma
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7
Q

peripherally located lung ca

A

adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

lung ca associated with asbestos exposure?

A

adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

which lung ca metastasises early

A

large cell lung ca

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10
Q

ectopic secretion of PTH like peptide in which lung Ca?

& what does this cause?

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma

- ectopic PTH –> high Calcium –> renal stones, bony pain & altered mental state

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11
Q

type of tumour that releases serotonin?

A

carcinoid tumour

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12
Q

symptoms of carcinoid tumour & why?

A
  • facial flushing
  • diarrhoea

due to serotonin/5-HT release

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13
Q

signs of tumour compression of jugular vein

A
  • upper limb oedema
  • facial congestion
  • distended neck veins
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14
Q

tumour compressing recurrent laryngeal nerve causes what ?

A
  • hoarse voice

- bovine cough

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15
Q

what does tumour compressing phrenic nerve cause?

A
  • diaphragmatic paralysis

- raised hemidiaphragm

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16
Q

what do mutated tumour suppressor genes result in?

A

inactivates them therefore allowing cells to proliferate

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17
Q

genes than contribute to cancer development

A

oncogenes

18
Q

ectopic secretion in small cell lung ca (2)

A

ADH

ACTH

19
Q

electrolyte imbalance caused by ADH ectopic secretion

A

hyponatraemia

20
Q

patho behind lambert eaton syndrome

A

autoimmune, blockage of Ach at neuromuscular junction

21
Q

decision for surgery on lung cancer depends on?

A
  • local/distant spread

- Staging CT or EDG-PET scan

22
Q

protein found in high amounts on certain cancerous cells?

A

eGFR

23
Q

what do eGFR mutation positive cells predict response to?

A

chemotherapy - gefitinib

24
Q

management of palliative cough

A

opiates (codeine/morphine)

25
Q

relief for bronchial obstruction?

A

external bean radiotherapy or brachytherapy

26
Q

management of cerebral mets?

A
  • corticosteroids

- radiotherapy

27
Q

4 imaging investigations for lung ca

A
  • CT staging w/ contrast
  • PET scan
  • EBUS
  • FNA ultrasound guided
28
Q

what is EBUS

A

Endobrachial ultrasound guided biopsy

trans bronchial needle aspiration to obtain tissue to diagnose and stage lung ca

29
Q

tests for pleural effusion secondary to lung ca?

A
  • biochemistry analysis &

- cytology to analyse cells

30
Q

lung nodule on CXR differentials

A
  • malignancy
  • abscess
  • carcinoid tumour
  • AVM
  • foreign body
  • skin tumour
31
Q

CXR findings in lung ca

A
  • hilar enlargement
  • peripheral opacity
  • pleural effusion
  • collapse
32
Q

how does PET-CT work

A

injecting a radioactive tracer & imaging is used to visualise how metabolically active various tissues are

33
Q

what does phrenic nerve palsy present as

A

shortness of breath

34
Q

what is pemberton’s sign

A

raising the hands over head causes facial congestion & cyanosis

35
Q

what does pancoats tumour compress?

A

sympathetic ganglion, in the pulmonary apex

36
Q

what cancer is assoc with ectopic PTH

A

squamous cell lung carcinoma

37
Q

small cell lung cancer causes immune system to make antibodies to tissues in the brain

A

limbic encephalitis

38
Q

symptoms of limbic encephalitis (4)

A
  • short term memory impairment
  • hallucinations
  • confusion
  • seizure
39
Q

what antibodies is limbic encephalitis assoc. with

A

anti-hu

40
Q

pattern of muscle weakness in lambert eaton?

A

weakness gets worse with prolonged use

41
Q

muscles predominantly affected in lambert eaton?

A

proximal muscles

42
Q

other muscles affected & subsequent symptoms in lambert eaton?

A
  • extraocular muscles –> diplopia
  • levator muscles in eyelid –> ptosis
  • pharyngeal muscles –> dysphagia & slurred speech

RESPIRATORY - RIA (8 decks)

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