lungs Flashcards
2 common causes of pneumonia CAP
- streptococcus pneumonia
- haemophilius influenza
2 common causes of HAP
- pseudonomas aeroginosa
- staph aureus
usual sites of aspiration pneumonia
- right middle lobe
- right lower lobe (apical & posterior segment)
what is in Tazocin
- Piperacillin
- Tazobactam (prevents bacteria from inactivating piperacillin)
name 2 opportunistic fungi
- aspergillus
- candida spp
what does progressive neutropenia or leukopenia in an unwell immunocopromised host suggest?
Candidiasis/Aspergillosis
what is CXR halo sign associated with?
this is a ground glass opacity surrounding a pulmonary nodule or mass - most commonly associated with pulmonary aspergillosis
what rash is mycoplasma pneumoniae associated with
erythema multiforme
characterised by target lesions (pink rings with pale centres)
how is Chlamydia psittaci typically contracted
in contact with infected birds e.g. parrots
Coxiella burnetii AKA “Q fever”.
linked to exposure to animals and their bodily fluids. The MCQ patient is a farmer with a flu like illness.
auscultation signs in pneumonia (4)
- bronchial breath sounds
- focal coarse crackle s
- dullness to percussion
- pleural rub
5 atypical pneumonias
1) Legionella
2) Chlamydia psittici
3) Mycoplasma pneumonia
4) Chlamydydophilia pneumonia
5) Q fever - Coxiella burretti
what is an empyema
pus in pleural space (yellow & turbid), low glucose & high LDH
what is a lung abscess
cavitating area of localised suppurative infection with the lung
what cells do small cell lung cancer arise from?
Kulchitsky cells
name the 3 non small cell lung cancers
- Adenocarcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Large cell lung ca
peripherally located lung ca
adenocarcinoma
what causes horners syndrome
Pancoasts tumour - tumour fills supraclavicular fossa @ apex of lung & compresses brachial plexus causing pain radiating down arm
triad of horners syndrome
ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis
what results from pancoats tumour compressing phrenic nerve
diaphragmatic paralysis & raised hemidiaphragm on CXR
what results from pancoats tumour compressing recurrent laryngeal nerve
hoarseness & bovine cough
what does squamous cell carcinomas secrete
PTH like compound causing hypercalcaemia
pathology of squamous cell carcinoma
keratic accumulation
what may large cell carcinoma secrete
B-HCG
