questions Flashcards
1
Q
- The type of reproductive strategy with many offspring and no parental care is
A. r-selected reproduction
B. K-selected reproduction
C. Intermediate reproduction
D. Viviparous reproduction
A
a
2
Q
- Young are developed in an egg containing yolk
A. Oviparous
B. Ovoviviparous
C. Viviparous
D. Both A and B
A
d
3
Q
- _______ cells provide support for spermatogenisis.
A
sertoli
4
Q
- The hormone ______________ stimulates mammary gland development.
A
prolactin
5
Q
- The function of the prostate gland is to:
Supply fructose for energy, and secrete prostaglandins
Provides lubrication in the form of a mucous like substance
Secretes an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment and provides clotting enzymes
Secretes an acidic fluid that provides fructose as an energy source
A
C
6
Q
- What describes an oviparous organism:
The laying of eggs where the young then grow, develop, and hatch
Eggs originate inside the parent where a yolk is present, but no parental nourishment takes place. Eggs can be expelled later, or eggs can hatch prior to expulsion
Offspring develops within the parent’s body, and uses maternal blood to exchange nutrients
Eggs are fertilized and then develop a placenta for growth and development, prior to egg expulsion from the parent
A
A
7
Q
- Suckling of the mammary glands triggers milk ejection, which stimulates one of two hormones to be secreted: _______
A
oxytocin
8
Q
- Males still require estrogen to be produced, as estrogen has two benefits (list 1): ______ _____
A
sperm production
9
Q
- What are the advantages of mammary gland feeding?
A
nutrients, immuno protective cells, inhibiting pregnancy hormones,
10
Q
stages of labor
A
cervical dilation
delivery
placenta delivery
uterine involution
11
Q
- Which placental hormone stimulates the growth of myometrium and helps prepare the mammary gland for lactation?
A. estrogen
B. chorionic gonadotropin
C. progesterone
D. chorionic somatomammotropin
A
A
12
Q
- Which of the following is NOT and effect of estrogen?
A. egg maturation and release
B. maturation of ovarian follicles
C. thins cervical mucus
D. inhibits uterine contractions during gestation
E. promotes fat deposition and feminine body configuration
A
D
13
Q
- Which of the following is not a type of reproduction in animals?
A. Budding
B. Parthenogenesis
C. Cloning in eukaryotes
D. Sexual reproduction
A
c
14
Q
- Which hormone is secreted by Leydig cells in the testes?
A. Estrogen
B. Testosterone
C. Progesterone
D. Luteinizing hormone
A
b
15
Q
In males, __________ cells provide support for spermatogenesis within the seminiferous tubules
A
Sertoli
16
Q
- Describe the difference between r-selected and K-selected reproductive strategies.
A
R: little parental care
k: fewer offspring with significant care
17
Q
- Which of the following is a basic process that takes place in the renal tubules?
Filtration
Secretion
Reabsorption
Osmoconcentration
All of the above
A
e
18
Q
- In fish urinary systems _____ is maintained as major osmolytes.
Urea
Ammonia
Uric Acid
Trimethylamine Oxide
Both A and D
A
e
19
Q
- In the avian urinary system, excess salt is secreted from the _____.
Rectum
Skin
Nasal Passage
Gizzard
A
C
20
Q
- 80% of the kidney’s energy requirement is used for ___ transport.
K+
Na+
Cl-
Water
None of the above
A
b
21
Q
- What are the three layers of the molecular sieve and their basic structure?
A
glomerular wall - flattened endothelial cells
basement membrane - gel layer of collagen and glycoprts
inner layer bowmans capsule - podocytes with filtration flits
22
Q
- What are two of the three aspects of the glomerular membrane that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) depends on?
A
net filtration pressure, SA and permeability of glomerular membrane
23
Q
Which of the following are the effects of natriuretic peptides?
A. Natriuresis
B. Increase GFR
C. Inhibit Na+ reabsorption
D. Decrease cardiac output
E. All the above
A
e
24
Q
What causes renal diseases?
A. Cellular damage from diabetes
B. ethylene glycol
C. Inappropriate immune responses
D. Obstruction of urine flow
E. All the above
A
e
25
_____ is the only waste product to be reabsorbed.
urea
26
______ _________ _________ is secreted by atrial cardiac muscle cells.
ANP
27
1. Which kind of cells secrete pepsinogen?
A. Mucous cells
B. Chief cells
C. Parietal cells
D. G cells
B
28
2. Acinar cells secrete which of the following?
A. Proteolytic Enzymes
B. Amylase
C. Chitinase
D. Lipase
E. All of the above
e
29
3. What is made from the heme portion of worn-out red bleed cells ________?
biliverdin
30
4. Jaundice occurs when _________ is formed too quickly and accumulates.
Bilirubin
31
1. Which excretory organ structure is unique to birds and some reptiles?
A. Proximal tubules
B. Nasal salt glands
C. Renal cortex
D. Collecting ducts
b
32
2. Which type of nitrogenous waste required the highest metabolic cost to produce?
A. Urea
B. Uric acid
C. Nitrate
D. Ammonia
b
33
3. The __________________ is the smallest functional unit of the kidney, with approximately 1 million present in each human kidney.
nephron
34
4. What are the three main regions of the kidney, from outer to inner layers?
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pelvis
nephron
35
1. What is saliva composed of?
A. water
B. mucus
C. salivary amylase
D. All of the above.
d
36
2. What is the role of the pharynx?
A. temporary storage of food
B. common passageway for the digestive system and respiratory system.
C. tube to send food to the stomach
D. valve to respiratory tract
b
37
Three regions of stomach
fundus
body
antrum
38
4. Describe the emptying process of the stomach.
chyme pass into duodenum with each contraction before pyloric sphincter closes
empties at rate proportional to volume of chyme
39
Which of the following is located in the stomach and stimulates secretion of gastric juices and enhances motility in several areas?
A. Gastrin
B. Secretion
C. Cholecystokinin
D. Motilin
E. Ghrelin
B
40
Which of the following is NOT a component of the hindgut?
A. Colon
B. Cecum
C. Rectum
D. Cloaca
E. Stomach
e
41
Which of the following serves as a temporary storage of food in birds?
A. Foregut
B. Crop
C. Midgut
D. Stomach
E. Hindgut
b
42
Most absorption takes place in the _____ and _____.
Duodenum
jejunum
43
_____ is prolonged chewing and _____ is where food is reswallowed.
remastication
redeglutination
44
While _____ have a four-compartment stomach, _____ have a three-compartment stomach.
true ruminants
pseudoruminants
45
1. What physiological classification of sexual reproduction would be described as the production of young occuring within a mother's body where the offspring will develop before birth?
a) Oviparous
b)Ovoviviparous
c)Viviparous
d)pregnancy
C
46
2. What type of sex differentiation could be described as being determined by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome due to an SRY?
a) Gondal sex determination
b)Genetic sex determination
c)Environmental sex differentiation
d)Phenotypic sex differentiation
b
47
3. Spermatogenesis takes place in the ____________________ _____________
seminiferous tubules
48
4. Testosterone inhibits Luteinizing Hormone in a ____________ ____________ manner due to its nature to selectively inhibit secretions of LH in the anterior pituitary.
negative feedback
49
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?
moistening of food
formation of chyme.
neutralization of acid
digestion
thermoregulation
b
50
2. Which of the following is responisble for the storage of fecal matter?
small intestine
stomach
liver
colon.
pancreas
D
51
1. ____________ is the forceful expulsion of gastric comtents out through the mouth
vomiting
52
2.) _________ stimulates motility in the stomach and small intestine
motilin
53
1. Causes of renal disease include all of the following except __.
A. Cellular damage
B. Toxic agents
C. Inappropriate immune responses
D. Obstruction of urine flow
E. Sufficient renal blood supply
E
54
2. In mammals what percent of the kidneys total energy requirement is used for Na+ transport?
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%
C
55
2. Baroreceptors detect changes in ____ _____?
BP
56
1. In general aspect of digestive system in vertebrates, Accessory organs are
A. Salivary glands
B. Exocrine pancreas
C. Liver
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
d
57
2. What is called glandular stomach in birds?
A. Crop
B. Ventriculus
C. Gizzard
D. Proventriculus
E. Both A and B
d
58
3. _____ is a common passageway for both the digestive system and respiratory system in vertebrates
pharynx
59
5. Discuss four basic digestive processes occur in vertebrates in brief.
ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination
60
6. Discuss control of gastric secretion in midgut.
hormonal influences
controlled by ENS
adj secretion of digestive enzymes
61
3. What do detritivores/deposit feeders feed on?
dead and decay
62
4. Ruminants are unique because they have _____ stomach compartments.
4
63
1. What hormone is essential for male reproductive functions?
a. estrogen
b. progesterone
c. testosterone
d. GnRH
c
64
2. What is the role of corpus luteum during pregnancy?
a. secretes estrogen
b. secretes progesterone
c. stimulates ovulation
d. inhibits sperm production
b
65
3. The _______ cycle involves ovulation and hormonal changes in females.
estrous
66
4. _____ are mature male gametes produced in spermatogensesis
sperm
67
5. What is the function of GnIH in the reproductive system?
inhibits LH and FSH from secretion
68
1. What is the order of the digestive tract in humans?
I. Pharynx
II. Stomach
III. Small intestine
IV. Mouth
V. Anus
VI. Large intestine
VII. Esophagus
A. I,IV,VII,II,III,VI,V
B. IV,VII,I,II,III,VI,V
C. IV,I,VII,II,III,VI,V
D. VII,I,V,III,II,IV,VI
c
69
2. Select any of the following that are part of the control of gastric secretion
A. Gastric Phase
B. Intestinal Phase
C. Cephalic Phase
D. Acidic Phase
E. All of the Above
abc
70
1. ___________ is the process of moving food from the mouth through the esophagus into the stomach.
swallowing
71
2. The rumination cycle of ruminant digestion is facilitated by three key processes, these processes are _____________ , _____________ , and ______________
regurgitation
remastication
redeglutination
72
. What is the correct order of a bolus moving from mouth to stomach?
I. Swallowing center activates all-or-none sequence.
II. Bolus is forced by the tongue into pharynx.
III. Pharyngeal pressure receptors send impulsle to the medulla oblongata.
IV. Bolus enters oropharyngeal phase, then the esophageal phase.
A. I, II, III, IV
B. IV, III, II, I
C. II. III, I, IV
D. I, III, IV, II
E. II, III, IV, I
c
73
3. What cells are responsible for gastric secretion forming gastric mucosa?
A. Mucous Cells
B. Muscle Cells
C. Parietal Cells
D. A & C
E. All of the Above
E
74
. List three of the many functions of the liver for the body.
detox
fat storage
bile sec and prod
75
A reptile consists of all of the following except
Nephrons
Loop of Henle
Uric acid
Cloaca
Nasal salt glands
b
76
Concentration of the urine depends on a large ________ _______ ________ in the interstitial fluid of the kidney
hoop of Henle
77
The first menstrual period is known as _________.
menarche
78
2. Which of the following do not belong?
A. vasa efferentia
B. epipdidymis
C. ductus deferens
D. ejaculatory duct
E. ovaries
e
79
1. Which of the following processes are being described when water and small solutes pass through a barrier while cells and large molecules remain behind
A. Reabsorption
B. Secretion
C. Filtration
D. Osmoconcentration
C
80
2. Which of the following is the urine-forming organ in verterbrates?
A. Bladder
B. Kidney
C. Ureter
D. Hindgut
b
81
. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) triggers water uptake through _________ in the bladder wall
aquaporins
82
2. _______ covers the largest distance at the lowest weight-specific cost
horse
83
3. when light activates rhodopsin the result at the vertebrate rod or cone outer membrane is ______
hyperpolarization
84
4. The gonads produce _____ hormones
steriod
85
4. Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?
a. ADH
b. Oxytocin
c. TSH
d. Cortisol
C
86
1. endocrine glands ________________.
a. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs
b. release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
c. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
d. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands
C
