16 Flashcards by Delaney Ray

prokaryotes reproduce by

cloning

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parthenogenesis

unfertilized egg dev into embryo

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haploid sets fo chromosomes combine into

diploid set

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r selected reprod

rate of

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k selected reproduc

carrying capacity

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oviparous

in eggs

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ovoviviparous

eggs with yolk

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viviparous

within body maternal blood nutrients

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seasonal anestrus

prev females giving birth when unfavored conditions

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spring birth controlled by

circannual clock to photoperiod

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envir cues and pheromones serve as

synchronizing signals

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genetic fitness fo males

courtship displayes

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primary reprod organs

gonads
testes

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gametes female and male

d- ova
m- spermatozoa

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reproductive tracts

ducts and accessory sex glands

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prod of sperm

spermatogenesis

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prod of ova

oogenesis and ovulation

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birth

parturition

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lie within pelvic and abd cavity

ovaries

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reprod tract of females

oviducts
uterus
cervix
vagina
vulva

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in mammasl males are

heterogametic

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in birds and amphibians males are

homogametic

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presence or absence of y chromo

gonadal sex

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stim prod of testis-determing factor

sex determining region of y chromo

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directs differentiation of gonads

testis determining factor

dep presence or absence of testes

phenotypic sex

sec by testes

testosterone

testosterone reduced to

dihydrotestosterone

dev into male reprod tract

wolffian ducts

mullerian ducts regress due to

anti-mullerian hormone

spermatogenesis done I n

seminiferous tubules

testosterone secr bu

leydig cells

libido controls

gonadotropic hormone secretion

nonreproduction actions of hormones

anabolic rate bone growth aggression

various stages of sperm devel

germ cells

support for spermatogenesis

Sertoli cells

mature male gametes

spermatozoa

head

nucleus with acrosome cap

mid piece cont

mitochondria

spermatogenesis stages

mitotic meiosis packaging

forming primary spermatocytes

spermatogonia

meiosis

sec spermatocytes 4 spermatids

spermatids remodeled into

spermatozoa

testes controlled by two

gonadotropic hormones

gonadotropic hormones sec by

anterior pituitary

acts on leydig cells reg test so sec

luteinizing hormone

acts on Sertoli cells to stim spermatogenesis

follicle stim horm

sec fo Lh and FSH stim by

gonadotropin releasing hormone

kisspeptin stim

pulsatile sec of GnRH

sec fo sertoli cells inhibits FSH

inhibin

testos converted to

estradiol by aromatase

supplies fructose nad sec prostaglandins

seminal vesic;es

sec alkaline fluid prov clotting enzyme rel prostate specific antigen

prostate gland

lubrication

bulbourethral glands

anatomy of dick

root shaft glans

release of ova or eggs is

intermittent with cyclical swings

cycles uniformly through year

continuously polyestrous

cycles restricted during season

seasonally polyestrous

as days length Dec

short day breeders

as days length increase

long day breeders

single event

seasonally monoestrus

responsive to estrogen

estrogen receptor subtypes

divide mitotically only

oogonia

remains in meiotic arrest until ovulation

primary oocytes

primary oocytes divides to form a

sec oocyte and polar body

sperm entry triggers

sec meiotic division

follicular phase

follicular devel FSH

maturing ovarian follicle dev

antrum

sec estrogen

estradiol

follicles dev into

Graafian follicle

layer of granulosa cells

corona radiata

old follicular cells transformed dinto

corpus luteum

estrogen stim growth of uterus lining

myometrium and endometrium

progesterone causes growth of

blood vessels

first period

menarche

suppress FSH and LH

estrogen and progesterone

selectively suppresses FSH sec

inhibin

sperm meets ovum

fertilin

sperm cells bind to

ZP3 recep on zona pellucida

morula differentiates into

blastocytes

blood enters through

intervillous spaces

diffuse from mother to baby

nutrients and oxygen

baby to mother waste

co2 ad metabolic wastes

placenta sec

peptide and steroid hormones

sec by dev chorin

chronic gonadotropin

sec amounts of progesterone

corpus luteum pregnancy

stim growth of myometrium and prepare mammary gland

estrogen

placental hormones

chorionic gonadotropin estrogen progesterone chorionic somatomammotropin

process by which uterus expels fetus

parturition

cervix softens due to

relaxing and dPGF

uterine muscle stim

oxytocin

labor begins when -- reaches threshold

oxytocin receptor contraction

stages of labor

cervical dilation delivery placenta del uterine involution

mammary alveolar cells sec milk

lactogenesis

suckling triggers

milk ejection reflex

promotes milk prod

prolactin

stim forced expulsion of milk

oxytocin