14 - 2 Flashcards by Delaney Ray

responsible for gastric secretion loc on inner surface of —- in –

gastric pits in gastric mucosa

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in body and fundus

oxyntic mucosa

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sec a thin watery mucus

mucous cells

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sec pepsinogen

chief cells

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sec HCl and intrinsic factor

parietal cells

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loc in antrum

pyloric gland area

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endocrine g cells sec

gastric into blood

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inactive until cleaned by HCl or pepsin to form pepsin

pepsinogen

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dig prt in low ph envior

pepsin

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phases of gastric secretion

cephalic phase
gastric phase
intestinal phase

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cephalic phase

anticip sec of HCl and pepsinogen due to food-related stimuli

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stim by acetylcholine and gastric

cephalic phase

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stimuli acting in stomach distension caffeine alcohol

gastric phase

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intestinal phase components

excitatory comp
inhibitory comp

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excitatory comp

presence of prt fragments in duodenum

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inhibitory com

same factors that inhibit gastric motility also inhib secre

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continues due to swallowed salivary amylase

carbohydrate digestion

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begins in antrum with action of HCl and pepsin

prt digestion

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stomach lining sec

bicarbonate rich mucus

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erosin of stomach wall

peptic ulcer

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birds have — in place of stomachs

proventriculus and gizzard

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proventriculus

glandular stomach

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gizzard

muscular stomach

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swallowed pebbles and abrasive lining made of

koilin

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sec digestive enzymes and aqueous alkaline fluid

exocrine pancreas

sec proteolytic enzymes amylase chitinase and lipase

acinar cells

sec in inactive form

proteolytic enzymes

active forms of proteolytic enzymes

trypsin chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase

converts polysacc to disacc

pancreatic amylase

breaks down chitin

pancreatic chitinase

hydrolyzes triglycerides into monogly

pancreatic lipase

sec by pancreatic duct cells

sodium bicarbonate

released into blood in response to incr acid

secretin

rel into blood in response to fat or prt in duodenum

cholecystokinin

perform wide variety of metabolic and sec tasks

liver

functions of liver

secretion metabolic processes detox synthesis

direct contact with venous blood coming from dig tract

hepatic portal system

liver sec -- which stored in

bile stored in gallbladder

prev bile from entering duodenum

sphincter of oddi

bile salts recycled thr

enterohepatic circulation

derived from cholesterol

bile salts

forms around lipid molecules for dispersion

micelles

made from heme portion of red blood cells

biliverdin

biliverdin transformed into

bilirubin

bilirubin can cause

jaundice

made of mucous membrane, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

mucosa

thick layer of connective tissue

submucosa

two layers of smooth muscle inner circular layer na d long layer

muscularic external

outer connective tissue layer

serosa

finger like projections

villi

each villus contains --- and terminal lymphatic vessel --

capillary network and central lacteal

smaller proj

microvilli

small intestines div into

duodenum jejunum ileum

segmentation mixes and propels

chyme

chyme moved by

basic electrical rhythm

segm replaced by after abs

migrating motility complex

prev contaminated of small intestine by bacteria

ileocecal valve and ileocecal sphincter

juncture btw ileum and large intestine

ileocecal valve

smooth muscle

ileocecal sphincter

SI glucose and galactose abs by

secondary active transport

AA absorbed by

secondary active transport

fats reassembles into

triglyc

contains trigly

chylomicrons

chylomicrons extracted by --- picked up by ---

exocytosis lacteal

hindgut consists of

color cecum rectum cloaca

stores lymphocytes and no dig funct

vermiform appendix

color regions

ascending trasnverse descending

funct of color is

storage fo fecal material

propel contents of colon towards rectum

peristaltic contraction s

contractions fill the cecum

antiperistaltic

impedes flow of materials

haustral contractions

colonic contents moved into distal portion of intestines

gastrocolic reflex

distension of rectum stim --- in rectal wall initiating a ---

stretch receptors defecation reflex

relaxes and rectum contracts

internal anal sphincter

defecation occurs when

external anal sphincter is vol relaxed

undigested food salt water bacteria

poop

ruminants stomachs can break down

cellulose

stomach of truw ruminants have --- compartments

llamas and camels (pseudoruminants) have --- stomachs

3 compartment

involved in storage and passage of ingested foor

forestomach

rumen

anaerobic fermentation of plant mat abs of nutr divided into compart by pillars finger like papillae

reticulum funct

same as rumen

channel for passage of ingesta

omasum

resembles stomach of monogastric verteb

abomasum

propels semi liquid digesta into esophagus

contraction of reticulum

digesta moves into esophagus and into mouth by

reverse peristalsis

prolonges chewing

remastication

food is reswallowed

redeglutination

imp process to occur in rumen

fermentation

used to digest structure complex polysacc

cellulase

produces volatile fatty acids

microbial fermentation

stimulates sec of gastric juices and enhanced motility in areas

gastrin

acts by several mech to reduce acidity in duodenum

secretin

inhibits gastric motility and sec

cholecystokinin

stimulates insulin rel in duodenum

GIP

SI stim motility in stomach and SI

motilin

stomach stim growth horm rel and inc appetit

ghrelin

Stomach SI and salivary decr appetite

obestatin