12 - 1 Flashcards by Delaney Ray

excretory system funct

internal levels of organic solutes
plasma water vol
waste removal
osmotic balance

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evolution organs

diffusion and membrane transport

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aquatic animals evol specialized

excretory tissues that transport epithelia

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large aquatic terrestrials evolved

spec tubules lined with transport epithelia

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metabolism of prt and NA

nitrogenous wastes

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choice of primary waste correlates with

water avail

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nitrogen wastes types

ammonia
urea
uric acid

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ammonia

diluted to nontoxic concentrations

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aquatic animals breathe water

ammonotely

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urea

ureotely

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uric acid

insects reptiles birds - uricotely
insoluble

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transporting salt and water across epithelial layer

na / k ATPase pump
Cl with cil / CFTR channels

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Na/K ATPase pumped into

basolateral membrane
lowers na by pumping into ECF

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na enters cell from

apical side by diffusion

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na diffusion thr

EnaC channel

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attracted out of cell through CIC channels

Cl-

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CFTR channels attract Cl- out of cell thr

charge grad prod by Na efflux

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increased extracellular solute cenc attracts

water across basolateral membr

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processes in renal tubules

filtration
secretion
reabsorption
osmoconcentration

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filtration

water and solutes pass thr barrier
cells and molecules remine behind

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secretion

epithelia spec solutes into tubule lumen
excretion

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reabsorption

transport epithelia
move solutes and water back into body from lumen

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osmoconcentration

removed from lumen
solutes behind
concentrated fluids

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renal organs

protonephridia
mesonephridia
metanephridia

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protonephridia

end ducts into body

protonephridia does ---- by ----

ultrafiltration by cilia moving fluid out

mesonephridia parts

ultrafiltration mesonephric tubules metanephric tubules

mesonephridia funct

ultrafiltration by fluid pressure circulatory system

mesonephric tubules

aquatic vertebrates

metanephric tubules

terrestrial animals

urinary systems

kidneys ureters bladder

kidneys

urine forming organ

kidney blood supplied by

renal artery exist renal vein

urine drains into two

ureters

ureters empty into

bladders

in reptiles bladders empty into

hindgut

bladder empties to the outside through the

ureter

regions of kidneys

renal cortex renal medulla renal pelvis nephron

renal cortex

outer kidney

renal medulla

inner

medulla divided into

renal pyramids

renal pelvis

drainage in center kidney

nephron

smallest unit of kidney

nephron contains

tubules assoc with vascular components

vasculature of nephrons

afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries

afferent arteriole

supplies each nephron

glomerulus

knot of capillaries in renal cortex

renal cortex

site of filtration of blood

efferent arteriole

exits glomerulus

peritubular capillaries

renal tissue with blood exchange materials with tubular fluid

parts of renal tubules

bowman's capsule proximal tubule loop of Henle

bowmans capsule

glomerular filtration

proximal tubule

tubular reabsorption and secretion

loop of Henle

descending limb ascending limb

loop of Henle func

osmoconcentration

descending limb

plunges into medulla

ascending limb

returns to cortex

fish urinary systems

elasmobranches

elasmobranches are

isosmotic or hyperosmotic

fish retain urea and TMAO as

osmolytes

rectal glands

hindgut excretes hypertonic NaCl fluid

marine bony fishes are

hypo-osmotic

gills transport --- excrete ---

NaCl and excrete nitrogenous wastes

freshwater bony fish are

hyperosmotic

freshwater take water thr

gills and mouth

freshwater excrete large vol of

highly diluted urine

freshwater gills take in

NaCl and out Nh3 and NH4

amphibian urinary systems demonst

transition to life on land

amph lungs cant remove

nitrogenous wastes or reg NaCl

amph kidneys maintain

constant ECF

metanephric nephrons in adult amph resemble

mesonephric freshwater fish with urea excretion added

urinary bladders serve as temp

water reservoirs

arginine vasotocin triggers

water uptake thr aquaporins in bladder wall

reptile carry urine in liquid or semisolid form into the

cloaca

primary waste of reptiles

uric acid

can reabsorb water if needed

cloaca and lower intestines

secr highly salty fluid

nasal salt glands

avian urinary system loop of Henle

further concentr urine

uric acid crystals are covered with prt coats to form birds

urate balls

marine birds have ___ loc near eyes

nasal salt glands

nasal passages birds

excrete excess salt