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second year!! > questions > Flashcards

questions Flashcards

1
Q

location of the caecum

A

Proximal right colon below the ileocaecal valve

Intraperitoneal

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2
Q

arterial supply of caecum

A

Ileocolic artery

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3
Q

right lobe liver blood supply

A

by right hepatic artery

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4
Q

left lobe liver blood supply

A

by the left hepatic artery

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5
Q

endothelin

A

potent, long-acting vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor

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6
Q

what promotes the release of endothelin

A

angiotensin II
ADH
hypoxia
mechanical shearing forces

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7
Q

inhibits the release of endothelin

A

nitric oxide

prostacyclin

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8
Q

physiological role of troponin I

A

binds to actin to hold the troponin-tropomyosin complex in place

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9
Q

treatment of C.difficile

A

Oral vancomycin

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10
Q

sawtooth appearance on ECG

A

atrial flutter

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11
Q

TSH levels with hyperthyroidism

A

decrease

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12
Q

microbial keratitis common history

A

swimming with contact lenses on

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13
Q

non-sedating antihistamine

A

loratadine

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14
Q

presentation of maxillary antral carcinoma

A

nerve involvement leading to anaesthesia of the check
epistaxis
exposure to wood dust or mites

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15
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve typical mechanism of injury

A

Isolated injury rare - usually injured as part of brachial plexus injury

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16
Q

Axillary nerve mechanism of injury

A

Humeral neck fracture/dislocation

Results in flattened deltoid

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17
Q

Radial nerve mechanism of injury

A

Humeral midshaft fracture

Palsy results in wrist drop

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18
Q

Median nerve mechanism of injury

A

Wrist lesion → carpal tunnel syndrome

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19
Q

presentation of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

pins and needles and pain around the thumb and index finger which is worse at night

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20
Q

Ulnar nerve mechanism of injury

A

medial epicondyle injury

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21
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
teres minor
Subscapularis

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22
Q

first line treatment of psoriasis

A

topical steroid and vitamin D eg Calcipotriol

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23
Q

effect of insulin on potassium

A

decreases serum potassium through stimulation of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump

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24
Q

associated symptoms with SLE

A 
alopecia
arthralgia 
skin rash 
cytopenia
mouth ulcer
25
Q

Reifenstein syndrome

A

female breast development and erectile dysfunction

26
Q

presentation of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

general malaise, proteinuria, haematuria, and is often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection by 7-14 days before

27
Q

best way to stop thyroid eye disease

A

stop smoking

28
Q

what is used to help treat symptoms of graves disease

A

propanolol

29
Q

definitive treatment of primary hyperparathyroid

A

remove the parathyroid

30
Q

conservative management of primary hyperparathryoid

A

cinacalcet

31
Q

Calcitonin

A

hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
reduce blood calcium levels
used to treat hypercalcaemia

32
Q

management of CKD

A

Optimise diabetic control-SGLT-2
Optimise hypertensive control- ACEi, ARB
Treat glomerulonephritis

33
Q

side effects of tamsulosin

A

dizziness
postural hypotension
sexual dysfunction

34
Q

drug used to prevent repeating kidney stones

A

bendroflumethaizide

35
Q

CKD on haemodialysis most likely cause of death

A

ischaemic heart disease

36
Q

Adrenal crisis management

A

Intensive monitoring
Parenteral steroids (IV hydrocortisone 100mg then 100mg every 6hours)
IV fluid resuscitation
Correct hypoglycaemia

37
Q

most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

38
Q

what is conn’s

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

39
Q

first line management of displaced ankle fracture

A

closed reduction ?

40
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis x-ray findings

A

subchondral erosions, sclerosis

and squaring of lumbar vertebrae

41
Q

flare up of RA management

A

Intramuscular steroids such as methylprednisolone ?

42
Q

enzyme affected in PCT

A

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

43
Q

investigation for PCT

A

wood lamps- 1st
increased plasma or urinary porphyrins
serum iron ferritin level
liver biopsy

44
Q

investigation for erythropoietic protoporphyia

A

fluorocytes

quantitative RBC porphyrins

45
Q

management of erythropoietic protoporphyia

A 
keep out of sun/ covered up
genetic counselling 
6 monthly LFTs and RBC porphyrins 
carotene 
liver transplant
46
Q

investigation of acute intermittent porphyria

A

urine test for porphobilinogen (turns red)

raised urinary porphobilinogen

47
Q

treatment for rosacea

A

topical metronidazole- first line

if ineffective- oral tetracycline

48
Q

treatment for paget’s disease

A

bisphosphonates- risedronate

49
Q

complications from a colles fracture

A

median nerve compression
EPL rupture
CRPS
loss of grip strength

50
Q

treatment of osteomalacia

A

vit d therapy with ca& phosphate supplements

51
Q

what DMARD causes interstitial pneumonitis

A

methotrexate

52
Q

rheumatology drug that cause tarry black stool

A

NSAIDs

53
Q

bechet’s syndrome

A

visual loss, moutj ulcers and genital ulcers
CSR and ESR raised
associated with IBD and arthritis

54
Q

lichen planus management

A 
Check for drug precipitant – lichenoid drug eruption
Emollients
Treat symptomatically
o	Topical steroids- betamethasone?
o	Oral steroids if extensive
-	UVB phototherapy
55
Q

investigation for ring worm

A

scarping sent to microscopy + culture

56
Q

investigation for impetigo

A

swabbed and the sample sent in a bacterial container for microscopy and culture
wood lamps- because it is fungal

57
Q

investigation for shingles

A

swabbed and sent in a viral container for PCR

58
Q

investigation for scabies

A

skin scrappings for microscopy

59
Q

presentation of porphyria cutanea tarda

A

photosensitive rash and blisters- face and back of hands
white deposits
hyperpigmentation
hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth)

second year!! (7 decks)

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