managements Flashcards
IgA nephropathy
optimise BP
- ACEi
management of scabies
permethrin 5%
management of actinic keratosis
5% fluorouracil cream
Minimal change disease management
fluid restriction and reduced salt
corticosteroid therapy- prednisolone
human albumin and furosemide
management of pagets disease
bisphosphonates
NSAIDs for bone pain
vitD and calcium supplements
examples of bisphosphonates
Risedronate Alendronate Ibandronate Zoledronic Acid Pamidronate
management of otitis externa
Provide information on aural care.
Mild – do not swab. Acetic acid 2% continuing for 2 days after resolution (max 7 days).
Moderate – do not swab. Sofradex® or Otomize® tds. (antibiotic and steroid combo)
ENT for severe
fracture T4 or above suggests?
malignancy
management of kidney stones
NSAIDs for pain- IM diclofenac
watchful waiting
tamsulosin
surgical intervention
raised urinary:creatinine ratio with proteinuria in patient with diabetes
signs of end organ complications- diabetic neuropathy
what is seen on renal biopsy in patients with diabetic neuropathy
Kimmelstein-Wilson nodules
- regions of pink hyaline material that can be found in the glomerular capillary loops
glomerular crescents on renal biopsy
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
diagnostic features of glomerulonephritis
haematuria, oedema, hypertension and presence of risk factors
management of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
supportive
antihypertensive medications and diuretics if complication develop
diagnosis of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
history of tonsilitis- either positive throat swab results
and anti-streptolysin antibody titres
acute kidney failure and haemoptysis
good-pastures (associated with anti-GBM)
granulomatosis with polyangiits (ANCA)
Key to diagnosing IgA nephropathy
renal biopsy
what is seen on renal biopsy in IgA nephropathy
IgA deposits and glomerular mesangial proliferations
management of IgA nephropathy
monitoring
optimise BP- ACEi
management of minimal change disease
fluid restriction and reduced salt
corticosteroid therapy
human albumin and furosemide
management of BPH
alpha blockers- tamsulosin (relax smooth muscle, rapid improvement in symptoms)
5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride)
diagnosis of varicocele
ultrasound with doppler
if left sided- could suggest renal cell carcinoma so US KUB
loin pain, haematuria, palpable mass
renal cell carcinoma
management of anti-phospholipid syndrome
low dose aspirin if they have no had a thrombosis yet
patients who experience venous or arterial thrombosis: life long warfarin
raynauds treatment of choice
Daily nifedipine
presentation of anti-phospholipid syndrome
CLOTS clots livedo reticularis obstetric complications thrombocytopenia- platelet deficiency
livedo reticularis
net-like mottling of the skin
Monteggia fracture
dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint in association with an ulnar fracture
Galeazzi fracture
fracture of the distal radius with an associated dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint.
investigation for spinal stenosis
MRI
joint aspirate in rheumatoid arthritis
high WBC
management of SLE
Depends on manifestations For skin disease and arthralgia: - Hydroxychloroquine - Topical steroids - NSAIDs Inflammatory arthritis or evidence of organ involvement: - Immunosuppression: azathioprine Severe organ disease: - IV steroids and cyclophosphamide
Monitor anti-dsDNA and complement levels
Check urinalysis for blood or protein
management of septic arthritis
prolonged antibiotics 4-6weeks (fluxo?
pain exacerbated by walking on toes
plantar fasciitis
most common site of metatarsal stress fracture
2nd metatarsal shaft
treatment of hypoparathyroid
alfacalcidol