Question Prep Flashcards
What is the difference between bleeding indices and bleeding on probing
Bleeding indices
- Swiping motion, detects inflammation on marginal tissues
- BPE probe or Williams
Bleeding on Probing
- Measures inflammatory lesions deeper, at base of sulcus
- Williams probe
Differences between BPE and 6PPC
BPE
- Simple and rapid screening tool of periodontal health
- Scores of treatment plans refer to further treatment
- CPITN probe
- NOT A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
6PPC
- Detailed
- DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
- Measure parameters of disease
- William’s probe
What is recorded on 6ppc? (5)
- Pocket depth
- Bleeding on probing
- Mobility
- Furcation
- Recession
What is a periodontal probe used for? (5)
- Recession, furcation, mobility, pocket depth, bleeding on probing
- Determine size and extent of intraoral lesions
- Calculus presence
- Remove excess material
- Determine caries lesions
Define plaque
Bacterial biofilm, highly organised, sticks to tooth via pellicle
Define calculus
Mineralised plaque
Layer of unmineralised plaque usually covers
Define material alba
Soft accumulations of bacteria & food debris
Describe the appearance of material alba
- White
- Cheese-like
Suitable OH advice for patient with high plaque score?
- Floss
- Brush twice daily for 2 mins using fluoride toothpaste
- Interdental brushes
- Mouthwashes
- Modified bass technique 45 degree angle, brush systematically each quadrant 30 seconds
List some drugs that can cause gingival hyperplasia (4)
- Phenytoin
- Cyclsoporin
- Diltizame
- Nifedepin
Why can puberty cause gingivitis?
The rise in hormones during puberty can heighten blood flow to the gums, making them red, swollen, and sensitive
When does menstrual gingivitis normally occur?
The gums become red, swollen, and more likely to bleed shortly before each menstrual period
When does pregnancy gingivitis normally occur?
Pregnancy gingivitis typically starts in the second or third month of pregnancy and continues through the eighth month, causing sore, swollen, and bleeding gums
How does smoking reduce gingival bleeding
Reduces bleeding as nicotine causes vasoconstriction
Name some ways the teeth can be stained (extrinsic)
- Diet
- Coffee/tea
- Wine
- Smoking
- Chlorhexidine (brown)
- Minocylcine (black)
- Iron supplements (black)
Name 3 medications that can cause staining
- Chlorhexidine (brown)
- Minocylcine (black)
- Iron supplements (black)
Name some ways the teeth can be stained (intrinsic)
- Fluorosis
- Tetracyclines
- Trauma
- Dentinogenesis imperfecta
- Amelogenesis imperfecta
Name the 3 parts of an instrument used for scaling
- Handle
- Shank
- Working end
Describe what happens in the gingivae when there is CAL (4)
- Destruction of gingival fibers
- Destruction of PDL fibers
- Migration of JE
- Loss of alveolar bone
What teeth are instruments with complex shanks used for?
Why is this?
- Posterior teeth
- Greater angulation
What is the difference in cross section between curette and sickle scaler?
- Curette is semicircular
- Sickle scaler is triangular
What type of instruments can you only use supragingivally?
Sickle scalers
Furcations
I
II
III
What probe is used?
I - <3mm (tent)
II - >3mm (empty triangle)
III - through & through (triangle)
- Naber’s probe
What is the correct adaptation when using a curette?
Position of first 1-2mm working end lateral surface in contact with tooth
What is the correct angulation when using a curette?
What occurs if angle is
too small
too big
- 70-80 degrees
- Burnished calculus
- Damage to tissue
