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BDS 2: Periodontology > Assessment of Periodontal Diseases > Flashcards

Assessment of Periodontal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

During a periodontal health assessment what may you need to observe?

A
  • Gingival colour

- Gingival contour

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2
Q

What needs to be checked during a periodontal assessment? (5)

A
  • Oral hygiene or plaque control assessment
  • Pocket depth and gingival recession
  • Bleeding on probing
  • Tooth mobility
  • Furcation involvement
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3
Q

Describe the appearance of clinically healthy periodontal tissue

A
  • Pink
  • Stippled
  • Non bleeding
  • Little/no recession
  • No mobility
  • Pocket depths ≤3mm
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4
Q

What changes will you see in gingivae appearance during gingival inflammation? (4)

A
  • Colour change
  • Change in consistency
  • Change in contour
  • Plaque and calculus in contact with inflamed tissue
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5
Q

Name some types of non-plaque induced gingival diseases (8)

A
  • Genetic disorders
  • Specific infections
  • Inflammatory and immune conditions
  • Reactive processes
  • Neoplasms
  • Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders
  • Traumatic lesions
  • Gingival pigmentation
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6
Q

How can pseudopockets arise?

A
  • Gingival swelling
  • Gingival overgrowth
  • Anatomical factors (ie partially erupted teeth)
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7
Q

What are pseudopocktes?

A

False pockets where PPD is falsely greater than 3mm and there is no attachment loss

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8
Q

When should a Basic periodontal examination (BPE) be carried out?

A

Should be used as a part of all routine dental examinations in adults and children aged above seven

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9
Q

Describe the BPE method (4)

A
  • Dentition is divided into sextants
  • Examination is carried out with a WHO/BPE probe
  • Probe gently inserted into the gingival crevice and ‘walked around’
  • For each sextant only the highest score is recorded
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10
Q

What does a ‘X’ on a BPE examination indicate?

A

Signifies a sextant that is edentulous or has only 1 functioning tooth

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11
Q

What does a ‘*’ on a BPE examination indicate?

A

Signifies furcation involvement and is used as an adjective score

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12
Q

What would you see for a BPE score of 0;

Probing depth?
Black band visibility?
Bleeding?
Overhangs/Calculus?

A
  • <3.5mm
  • Completely visible
  • No
  • No
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13
Q

What would you see for a BPE score of 1;

Probing depth?
Black band visibility?
Bleeding?
Overhangs/Calculus?

A
  • <3.5mm
  • Completely visible
  • Yes
  • No
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14
Q

What would you see for a BPE score of 2;

Probing depth?
Black band visibility?
Bleeding?
Overhangs/Calculus?

A
  • <3.5mm
  • Completely visible
  • Yes or No
  • Yes
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15
Q

What would you see for a BPE score of 3;

Probing depth?
Black band visibility?
Bleeding?
Overhangs/Calculus?

A
  • 3.5mm-5.5mm
  • Partially visible
  • Yes or No
  • Yes or No
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16
Q

What would you see for a BPE score of 4;

Probing depth?
Black band visibility?
Bleeding?
Overhangs/Calculus?

A
  • > 5.5mm
  • Entirely within pocket
  • Yes or No
  • Yes or No
17
Q

What treatment is needed for a BPE score of 0

A

No treatment

18
Q

What treatment is needed for a BPE score of 1

A

Oral hygiene advice

19
Q

What treatment is needed for a BPE score of 2 (3)

A
  • Scaling
  • Oral hygiene advice
  • Elimante plaque retentive restorative margins
20
Q

What treatment is needed for a BPE score of 3 (5)

A
  • Scaling
  • Root surface debridement
  • Oral hygiene advice
  • Elimante plaque retentive restorative margins
  • Full 6 point probing chart needed of the sextant
21
Q

What treatment is needed for a BPE score of 4 (5)

A
  • Scaling
  • Root surface debridement
  • Oral hygiene advice
  • Elimante plaque retentive restorative margins
  • Full 6 point probing chart needed of the sextant

Much more complex treatment

22
Q

What are the 6 reference teeth used in paediatric BPE?

A

UR1 UR1 UL6

LR1 LR1 LL6

23
Q

What codes do you use for paediatric BPE?

When should you use full range of codes?

A
  • Only use 0,1,2

- 12+

24
Q

What are 2 advantages of BPE?

A
  • Simple and rapid screening to identify periodontal risk

- Good indication of treatment required

25
Q

What are some disadvantages of BPE? (5)

A
  • Not designed to monitor patients
  • No distinction between true and false pockets
  • Lack of detail within sextant
  • No detail about recession
  • No detail about furcation involvement
26
Q

When and why is a six point pocket chart (6PPC) used?

A
  • When full periodontal assessment is required
  • When we record BPE score 3 and 4
  • Gives 6 measurements for each tooth (more detailed)
27
Q

What probes are used for 6PPCs?

A

Williams or UNC15

28
Q

What information do you get from a 6PPC that you don’t get from a BPE? (5)

A
  • Bleeding on probe
  • Recession
  • Furcation defects
  • Mobility
  • Full mouth plaque score
29
Q

Why may reading errors from probing occur? (6)

A
  • Interference from the calculus on tooth/root
  • Overhanging restorations
  • Incorrect angulation of probe
  • Pressure applied
  • Misreading
  • Shape/Size of the probe
30
Q

How are clinical crown to root (C:R) ratios determined?

A

Amount of root remaining in bone compass with the amount of tooth above the bone level

31
Q

What is horizontal bone loss?

A

If the level of the bone is essential equal interdentally, it is called horizontal bone loss

(measured as % bone lost)

32
Q

What is vertical/angular bone loss?

A

When one tooth has lost more bone than the tooth next to it

33
Q

In terms of bone loss what do radiographs look at? (5)

A
  • Bone levels
  • Root length and shape
  • Furcation are in multi rooted teeth
  • Width of PDL
  • Restorative status of tooth
34
Q

What can horizontal bitewings show in regards to bone loss? (2)

A
  • Show crystal bone and are indicated if picketing is less than 5mm
  • Detail of overhanging restorations or dental caries that act as plaque traps
35
Q

What can vertical bitewings show in regards to bone loss?

A

Bone levels in moderate tp severe periodontitis around several teeth

36
Q

What can periapical radiographs show in regards to bone loss? (4)

A
  • Indicated in severe periodontitis
  • Assessment of tooth morphology
  • Furcation involvement
  • Root shape

BDS 2: Periodontology (9 decks)

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