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BDS 2: Periodontology > Periodontal Tissues in Health & Disease I > Flashcards

Periodontal Tissues in Health & Disease I Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 components make up the periodontium?

A

Collective term describing tooth supporting tissues including the;

  • Root cementum
  • Periodontal ligament
  • Alveolar bone
  • Gingiva
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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the tooth germ?

What do these become?

A
  • Enamel organ: Enamel and primary epithelial attachment
  • Dental papilla: Pulp and dentin
  • Dental follicle: Cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone
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3
Q

What is the gingiva?

A

The part of the oral mucosa covering the tooth-bearing part of the alveolar bone and the cervical neck of the tooth

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4
Q

What is the gingiva a major peripheral defence against? (2)

A
  • Microbial infections

- Mechanical trauma

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5
Q

What is the gingival zenith?

A

The most apical point of the marginal gingival scallop

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6
Q

How do you work out biological width

A

Junctional Epithelial width + CT attachment width

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7
Q

What is interdental gingiva?

A

Occupies the gingival embrasure, which is the inter proximal space beneath the area of tooth contact

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8
Q

What shapes can interdental gingiva be? (2)

A
  • Pyramidal shaped

- Col shaped

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9
Q

What does the periodontal phenotype describe? (2)

A

The combination of gingival phenotype (gingival thickness and keratinised tissue width) and the thickness of the buccal bone plate (bone morphotype)

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10
Q

With what instrument is periodontal phenotype assessed?

What do these results show;
Probe visibile?
Probe not visible?

A
  • Periodontal probe
  • Probe visible: THIN (≤1mm)
  • Probe not visible: THICK (>1mm)
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11
Q

Name 3 periodontal phenotypes

A
  • Thin scalloped
  • Thick scalloped
  • Flat thick
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12
Q

What is a common pigment found in the paeriodontium

A

Melanin

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13
Q

Describe the location of the oral gingival epithelium

A

Extends from the mucogingival junction to the tip of the gingival crest and is subdivided into the free marginal gingiva and the attached gingiva

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14
Q

What is the thickness of the oral gingival epithelium?

A

0.2-0.3 mm in thickness

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15
Q

What cell types can be found in the oral gingival epithelium? (5)

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Langherans cells
  • Melanocytes
  • Merkel’s cells
  • Inflammatory cells
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16
Q

Describe the location of the oral sulcular epithelium

A

Lines the gingival sulcus and extends from the tip of the gingival crest to the most coronal portion of the junctional epithelium

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17
Q

What are the histological and clinical depths of the gingival sulcus?

A
  • Histological depth: 0-0.5mm

- Clinical depth: 0.5-3 mm

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18
Q

What is the junctional epithelium?

A

Forms the attachment of the gingiva to the tooth structure

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19
Q

What reinforces the junctional epithelium to the tooth?

A

Gingival fibers

20
Q

What are the 4 components of the microscopic gingiva anatomy?

A
  • Oral gingival epithelium
  • Oral sulcular epithelium
  • Junctional epithelium
  • Connective tissue
21
Q

What cells can be found in gingiva CT? (2)

A
  • Fibroblasts

- Immune cells

22
Q

What can fibroblasts in the gingiva synthesise? (4)

What can they regulate?

A
  • Synthesise collagen and elastic fibres, as well as glycoproteins and GAGs
  • Regulate collagen degradation
23
Q

What are the 4 types of fibres in the gingiva CT?

Remember CORE Fibres

A
  • COLLAGEN (mainly type I)
  • RETICULIN
  • OXYTALAN
  • ELASTIC
24
Q

Where are dento-gingival fibres located?

What do they do?

A
  • Cementum to free gingival tissue

- Provide gingival support

25
Q

Where are alveolo-gingival fibres located?

What do they attach?

A
  • Start from periosteum covering the alveolar crest
    and project coronally into the attached gingiva
  • They attach gingiva to bone
26
Q

Where are dento-periosteal fibres located?

What do they do?

A
  • CEMENTUM to ATTACHED GINIGVA
  • Embedded in the same portion of the cementum as the dentogingival fibers but run their course apically over the vestibular and lingual bone crest and terminate in the attached gingiva
  • Anchor tooth to bone and protect PDL
27
Q

Where are circular fibres located?

What do they do?

A
  • Run in the marginal and interdental gingiva
  • Encircle each tooth in a cuff- or ring- like fashion
  • Maintain contour and position of free marginal gingiva
28
Q

Where are trans-septal fibres located?

What do they do?

A
  • Extend between the supra-alveolar cementum of adjacent teeth
  • Support interdental gingiva, secure positions of adjacent teeth and protect inter proximal bone
29
Q

What is Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)?

A

Inflammatory exudate that can be found in the crevice

30
Q

Where do the molecules of GCF originate from? (3)

A
  • Blood
  • Host tissues
  • Sub gingival plaque
31
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the cementum?

A
  • Anchorage (medium for attachment to the collagen fibres of PDL)
  • Repair/resorption (continuous deposition thus it repairs the damages)
  • Protection (seal for open dentinal tubules)
32
Q

What is cementum?

A

Avascular mineralised tissue covering the root surface

33
Q

What are cementoblasts;

Type of cell?
What do they synthesise? (2)

A

Mesenchymal cells that synthesise collagen and protein polysaccharides, which make up the organic matrix of cementum

34
Q

What are cementocytes?

A

Cementoblasts become entrapped within their own matrix and become cementocytes

35
Q

What are cementoclasts?

A

Multinucleated giant cells which have resorption and repair function

36
Q

What is the anorganic matrix component of cementum made up of? (3)

A
  • Hydroxapatite
  • High fluoride
  • Trace elements (Cu,K,Na)
37
Q

What is the organic matrix component of cementum made up of? (2)

A
  • Type I and III collagen

- Non-collagenous proteins

38
Q

What produces extrinsic cementum fibres?

A

The PDL

39
Q

What produces intrinsic cementum fibres?

A

Produced by cementoblasts and that are orientated more or less parallel to the cementum surface

40
Q

What are the 4 main types of dental cementum?

AAC
(AEFC)
(CIFC)
(CMSC)

A
  • Acellular Afibrillar Cementum (AAC)
  • Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum (AEFC)
  • Cellular Intrinsic Fiber Cementum (CIFC)
  • Cellular Mixed Stratified Cementum (CMSC)
41
Q

Where is Cellular Mixed Stratified Cementum (CMSC) found?

A

Apical third of the root and furcation area

42
Q

Where is Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum (AEFC) found?

A

Coronal 2/3 of the root

43
Q

Where is Cellular Intrinsic Fiber Cementum (CIFC) found?

A

Usually present as a component of cellular mixed stratified cementum (CMSC)

44
Q

Where is Acellular Afibrillar Cementum (AAC) found?

A

May be found as coronal cementum over enamel at CEJ

45
Q

What is the affect of ageing on cementum?

A

With ageing the surface of cementum becomes more irregular. This is caused by calcification of some fiber bundles where they were attached to cementum

BDS 2: Periodontology (9 decks)

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