Epidemiology & Classification of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
What are the 3 important purposes of epidemiology?
- Determine amount and distribution of disease in a population
- Determine cause of disease
- Apply knowledge to control the disease, promote, protect and restore oral health
Define prevalence
The percentage or proportion of the population
affected by the disease a single point in time
Define incidence
The number of new cases of a disease occurring in the population over a defined time period
How can you measure current periodontal disease?
Pocketing or probing measurements (PPD) reflect levels of current inflammation
How can you measure historic periodontal disease?
Check for bone loss or clinical attachment loss (CAL)
How can you measure treated periodontal disease?
Pockets or probing depths have reduced to <4mm
What are the detection methods of plaque levels? (2)
- Look visually or use a probe to detect
- Disclose
How can you quantify plaque levels? (2)
- Dichotomous scoring (present or absent)
- Indices (score the levels)
What is the detection method for measuring bleeding?
Use of a probe on gentle use
What is Probing Pocket Depth (PPD)?
Distance from gingival margin to base of pockets in mm
What is recession?
Distance from gingival margin to the CEJ in mm
What is clinical attachment loss (CAL)?
Distance from CEJ to base of pockets in mm
Recession + PPD
What does the UK Adult Dental Health Survey 2009 suggest about oral hygiene and mild diseases?
Reduction in mild disease associated with an increase in dental hygiene
What are some local risk factors for periodontal disease? (6)
- Anatomical
- Enamel pearls/root grooves/furcations/recession
- Tooth Position
- Malalignment/crowding/tipping
- Iatrogenic
- Restorative margins/partial dentures/orthodontic appliances
Name some modifiable systemic risk factors for periodontal disease (9)
- Specific bacteria
- Smoking
- Diabetes mellitus
- Oral Hygiene
- Stress
- Obesity
- Immunodeficiency
- Certain medications
- Diet
Name some non-modifiable systemic risk factors for periodontal disease (3)
- Age
- Genetics
- Hormonal influences (such as those related to pregnancy)
In the WWP 1999 classification system of periodontal disease, what were the;
2 types?
2 distribution levels?
3 severities? (CAL depth?)
- Aggressive periodontitis
- Chronic periodontitis
- Localised (<30%)
- Generalised (>30%)
- Mild (1-2mm CAL)
- Moderate (3-4mm CAL)
- Severe (5mm+ CAL)
What were some issues with the WWP 1999 classification system of periodontal disease? (5)
- Periodontal Health not defined
- Current disease status not considered (probing depths)
- Based on historic disease only
- Previous tooth loss not considered
- Chronic and Aggressive disease not distinctly different
What are the 6 factors in periodontitis diagnosis? (7)
- Distribution
- Type of Periodontitis
- Staging
- Grading
- Current Disease
- Activity/Status
- Risk Factors
What are the 3 type of distribution of periodontitis?
What % of teeth are affected?
- Molar incisor (molars&incisors)
- Localised (<30% of teeth (Not Molar-Incisor))
- Generalised (>30% of teeth)
What are the 4 stages of periodontitis?
- Stage I: Very early Bone loss (0-15% BL)
- Stage II: Coronal 1/3 (0-15% BL)
- Stage III: Mid 1/3 (0-15% BL)
- Stage IV: Apical 1/3 (0-15% BL)
What are the 4 stages of periodontitis based on?
Amount of bone loss at worst site
What are the 3 grades for periodontitis?
Give the rate and BL:Age associated
- Grade A: Slow (0-0.5)
- Grade B: Moderate (0.5-1)
- Grade C: Rapid (>1)
