Question 3 - explanatory style Flashcards
1
Q
Seligman - quote
A
- 1990
- “Success requires persistence… optimistic explanatory style is the key to persistence”
2
Q
Seligman - dogs
A
- 1967
- Learned helplessness
- Dogs escapable shock, inescapable shock, no shock
- Inescapable shock surrendered to shocks even when put in box where they could escape
3
Q
Hiroto
A
- 1971
- Humans learned helplessness
- Annoying noise, told to solve problems and noise would go away
- Impossible condition did worse than new participants on next problem and other group did much better
4
Q
Seligman - depression
A
- 1972
- Depression due to a real or perceived lack of control over the outcomes of your environment
5
Q
Ellis
A
- 1957
- ABC
- Adversity, belief, consequence
- Change belief, change consequence
6
Q
Seligman - ABC
A
- 1991
- D and E
- Disputation and energisation
7
Q
Gordon
A
- 2006
- Positive explanatory style = more wins in football
- Better performances during losses
- No difference in performance during winning streak
8
Q
Rettew and Reivich
A
- 1995
- Positive explanatory style = more wins in baseball and basketball
9
Q
Peterson and Barrett
A
- 1987
- University students explained poor performance on internal, stable and global causes did worse than those who blamed external, unstable and unspecific causes
- NES = less academic goals, less use of academic advising
10
Q
Norem and Cantor
A
- 1989
- Defensive pessimism
- Just as good as academic optimists in short term
- More preparation due to more anxiety
11
Q
Robins and John
A
- 1997
- Optimistic illusions lead to narcissism so not always good for metal health
12
Q
Weinstein, Lyons, Sandman and Cuite
A
- 1998
- Optimists underestimated risk of Radon and took less preventative measures
- Extrapolate to academia/sport - complacency if too optimistic
