Question 1 of 2

Question 1

Similarities between rna and dna

Answer 1

• both are types of nucleic acids

- structure; nucleotides resemble RNA’s bonded ribonucleotides

Question 2

differences between rna and dna

Answer 2

RNA;

• single stranded
• ribonucleic acid (no deoxygenated ribose)
• function; protein synthesis through mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
• nitrogenous bases -> adenine, uracil, thymine, guanine

DNA;

• Double stranded
• deoxyribose
• function; instructions for cell preproduction
• Nitrogenous bases -> adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 3

Process of protein synthesis

Answer 3

Protein synthesis refers to the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation.

Question 4

overview of transcription

Answer 4

The process of forming a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA
• Occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
• Promoter (Aka start codon) is where the RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription
- Terminator (AKA stop codon) signals the end of transcription

Question 5

overview of translation

Answer 5

The process that takes the information passed from DNA as mRNA and turns it into a series of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds
- occurs in the ribosome

Question 6

steps of transcription

Answer 6

• RNA polymerase binds to a site on the Promoter
• RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands
• A strand of DNA is used as a template
• New nucleotides are inserted according to the new base pairing rule
• This continues until the terminator is reached
• As the RNA polymerase moves along the DNA molecule, hydrogen bonds between the two strands of DNA are reformed
• Thus, a single strand of RNA has been transcribed
• Introns are cut out and removed, whilst the remaining exons are combined to form mRNA

Question 7

steps of translation

Answer 7

• The RNA is sent to the cytoplasm in the form of mRNA
• The mRNA attaches to a ribosome
• As each codon of the mRNA molecule moves through the ribosome, the proper amino acid is brought into the ribosome by tRNA
- The ribosome hitches the amino acids together with peptide bonds forming polypeptides.

Question 8

mRNA

Answer 8

• Carries instructions in the form of codons
• AUG -> start codon
- UAG -> stop codon

Question 9

tRNA

Answer 9

• Contains anticodon at one end and an amino acid binding cite at the other end
- Reads the message from mRNA and gathers the amino acids for protein production

Question 10

rRNA

Answer 10

• Binds the mRNA and tRNA to the ribosome. Allows all components required to be held together

Question 11

importance of protein synthesis

Answer 11

Protein synthesis is a vital process because we need our bodies to be able to build the proteins that we need to perform important functions. Without protein synthesis, our bodies will not be able to make components like hormones, enzymes, and even new muscle.