Quest II

Question 1

Chromosones

Answer 1

tightly compacted structures of DNA

Question 2

Chromosome structure

Answer 2

rod shaped structures of DNA and histones (proteins) found in a cells nucleus

Question 3

Each half a a chromosone is called a

Answer 3

Chromotid

Question 4

Autosomes have _____ chromosomes

Answer 4

44 (22 pairs) + 1 pair of sex chromosomes

46 chromsomes

Question 5

Autosomes determine

Answer 5

Personality and physical traits

Question 6

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 6

same size, shape, and carry genes for the same traits

Question 7

Karyotype

Answer 7

a display of our 22 pairs of homologous autosomes
+
1 pair os sex chromosones

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

= double

cells havng 2 sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 9

All cells in your body are diploid except your

Answer 9

sex chromosones

Question 10

Haploid

Answer 10

cells having only 1 set or 1/2 of the chromosomes.

this = sperm and egg cells

Question 11

binary fission

Answer 11

the division of one cell into 2 new offspring cells. no chromosomal variation

Question 12

Asexual reproduction

Answer 12

one parent is involved (prokaryotes) less genetic variation

Question 13

Sexual reproduction

Answer 13

2 parents involved (eukaryotes) more genetic variation 99.9% idntical

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

process of cell division resulting in 2 new cells with the identical # of chromosomes s the original cell (bodycells/2n)

Question 15

+____+

Answer 15

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telaphase, and cytokenesis

Question 16

Interphase

Answer 16

the time between new cell divisions 90%

carries out specific function

prepares for new cell division

Question 17

Prophase

Answer 17

DNA shortens and coils into chromosomes

nucleolus and nuclear membrane disapear

centrsomes appear and move to opposite poles of the cell

92 chromosomes

Question 18

As the centrosomes move apart in prophase

Answer 18

spindel fibers (microtubles) radiate out from each centrosome

Question 19

metaphase

Answer 19

Spindle fibers move the chromosomes, all 92, to the center of the cell and hold them in place

Question 20

Anaphase

Answer 20

Chromatids of each chromosome separate at the centromere and slowly move to opposite poles of the dividing cell

Question 21

Telephase

Answer 21

spindle fibers disassemble, the nucleolus and the nuclear membrane reapear and the chromosomes return to a less coiled state

Question 22

cytokenesis

Answer 22

splitting of the cytoplasm

2 new cells

Question 23

proteins

Answer 23

regulate the process of cell division at interphase

Question 24

Meiosis

Answer 24

the process o cell division that reduces the # of chromosomes to 1/2 the orignal amount and creates sex cells (gametes

Question 25

each pair of homolougus chromosomes in meiosis is called a

Answer 25

tetrad

Question 26

in metaphase I

Answer 26

the tetrads line up randomly along the midline of the cell. | spindle fibers from the opposite poles attatch to the centromere of each tetrad

Question 27

Anaphase 1

Answer 27

each homolougos chromosome mves to the opposite pole of the dividing cell = independent assortment

Question 28

telophase and cytokenesis 1

Answer 28

chromosones move to opposite ends of the cell and cytokenesis begins

Question 29

spermatogenesis

Answer 29

sperm cell formation resulting in 4 new sperm cells with 23 chromosomes

Question 30

oogenesis

Answer 30

egg cell formation resulting with 1 functional nd other 3 disintegrate

Question 31

fertilization

Answer 31

sperm + egg = zygote