Chapter 10 Flashcards
Gregor Mendel (1800s)
The father of heredity
He concluded that heredity factors determine an organism’s traits using pea plants
James Watson and Francis Crick (1950s)
attempted to put together a model for the structure of DNA
They proposed DNA consists of 2 chains in the shape of a double helix
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
Also worked on developing a DNA model and contributed X-ray defraction photographs of DNA crystals .
_________ died of ovarian cancer and died at the age of 37
Rosalind Franklin
DNA =
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is trapped in the
Nucleus of the cell
Nucleotides have 3 parts
A phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
Purines
When the molecular structure has a double ring
Adenine (A)
Guanine(G)
Pyrimidines
When the molecular structure has a Single ring
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
_ bonds with _
_ bonds with _
A T
G C
At The Grand Canyon
Replication
DNA code is copied, new strands of Dna are made from various nucleotides.
After replication, the 2 identical double-stranded DNA molecules separate to make new cells during mitosis
Step 1:Enzymes (helicases)
break the hydrogen bonds between these pairs. strands separate. Y-shaped region = replication fork
Step 2:More enzymes (DNA polymerases
Cause completely free floating nucleotides to pair up with exposes bases on each original strand.
Step 3:Then they complete the process and fall off
Action of the replication fork
Replication begins at many points along the DNA
DNA errors in Replication that lead to cancer
DNA polymerase “proof reads” the DNA but some errors escape repair
RNA =
Ribonucleaic acid
Each RNA molecule is made up of
Nucleotides
The 3 parts of RNA are
A phosphate , a sugar(ribose), and a nitrogenus base
3 difference between DNA and RNA
Uracil rreplaces the thymine, RNA is a single strand of nucleotides bonded together, RNA is shorter than DNA, and it can leave the nucleus
mRNA
messenger RNA
carries the blueprint for a particular protein out of the nucleus to a specific site on the tibosome in the cytosol
rRNA
(ribosomal RNA
Part of the structure of ribosomes
tRNA
transfer RNA +
is found in cytoplasm. it attaches and transfers free amino acids to the ribosomes to make protein
Transcription
occurs in nucleus
the processwhere the DNA code is copied into a strand of RNA
Steo 1 of transcription
The RNA polymerase catalyzes the
Formation of RNA on a DNA template
The 2 strands of DNA unwind
