Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gregor Mendel (1800s)

A

The father of heredity

He concluded that heredity factors determine an organism’s traits using pea plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

James Watson and Francis Crick (1950s)

A

attempted to put together a model for the structure of DNA

They proposed DNA consists of 2 chains in the shape of a double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

A

Also worked on developing a DNA model and contributed X-ray defraction photographs of DNA crystals .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_________ died of ovarian cancer and died at the age of 37

A

Rosalind Franklin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DNA =

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNA is trapped in the

A

Nucleus of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleotides have 3 parts

A

A phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Purines

A

When the molecular structure has a double ring

Adenine (A)
Guanine(G)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pyrimidines

A

When the molecular structure has a Single ring

Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_ bonds with _

_ bonds with _

A

A T
G C

At The Grand Canyon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Replication

A

DNA code is copied, new strands of Dna are made from various nucleotides.

After replication, the 2 identical double-stranded DNA molecules separate to make new cells during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Step 1:Enzymes (helicases)

A

break the hydrogen bonds between these pairs. strands separate. Y-shaped region = replication fork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Step 2:More enzymes (DNA polymerases

A

Cause completely free floating nucleotides to pair up with exposes bases on each original strand.

Step 3:Then they complete the process and fall off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Action of the replication fork

A

Replication begins at many points along the DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA errors in Replication that lead to cancer

A

DNA polymerase “proof reads” the DNA but some errors escape repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RNA =

A

Ribonucleaic acid

17
Q

Each RNA molecule is made up of

A

Nucleotides

18
Q

The 3 parts of RNA are

A

A phosphate , a sugar(ribose), and a nitrogenus base

19
Q

3 difference between DNA and RNA

A

Uracil rreplaces the thymine, RNA is a single strand of nucleotides bonded together, RNA is shorter than DNA, and it can leave the nucleus

20
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA

carries the blueprint for a particular protein out of the nucleus to a specific site on the tibosome in the cytosol

21
Q

rRNA

A

(ribosomal RNA

Part of the structure of ribosomes

22
Q

tRNA

A

transfer RNA +

is found in cytoplasm. it attaches and transfers free amino acids to the ribosomes to make protein

23
Q

Transcription

A

occurs in nucleus

the processwhere the DNA code is copied into a strand of RNA

24
Q

Steo 1 of transcription

The RNA polymerase catalyzes the

A

Formation of RNA on a DNA template

The 2 strands of DNA unwind

25
Q

Step 2 of transcription

RNA polymerase adds

A

free RNA nucleotides that are complimentary

26
Q

Step 3 of transcription

When RNA polymerase reaches a

A

termination signal in the DNA, the DNA and new RNA are released

(ususally mRNA)

27
Q

the genetic code

A

rules that relate corresponds to a particualr amino acid

28
Q

there are __ codons

A

64

29
Q

Start codon–

A

AUG

30
Q

And 3 stop codons–

A

UAA, UAG,UGA

31
Q

Translation

occurs in ribosome

A

process of making a protien by using mRNA,tRNA, rRNA

  • protiens = 1 or more polypeptides
32
Q

Initiation

A

mRNA(codon) and tRNA(anticodon) join together

33
Q

Elongation

A

tRNA carrying the amino acid specified by the next codon binf to the codon.

A peptide bond forms between adjacent acids

34
Q

Continued

A

the tRNA detaches and leaves its amino acid behind

35
Q

Termination

A

the process ends when a srop codon is reached

36
Q

dissembly

A

the ribosome completely falls apart

Science (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions