Bacteria Test

Question 1

A way to classify bacteria is

Answer 1

Gram-staining

Question 2

Gram-Positive

Answer 2

Purple

Question 3

Gram-Negative

Answer 3

Pink

Question 4

The stain responds to the amount of

Answer 4

peptidoglycan in the cell wall

Question 5

The amount of peptidoglycan determines the

Answer 5

resistance or susceptibility to drugs and disinfectants

Question 6

Archaea bacteria vs Bacteria domains

Answer 6

Archaea bacteria = old

Bacteria domains = new

Question 7

Cell Wall

Answer 7

Made of peptidoglycan or fats and amino acids.

Some have an extra protective membrane outside the cell wall

Question 8

Gram-Negative bacteria vs Gram positive

Answer 8

• bacteria creates resistance to certain antibiotics

+ bacteria is more susceptible to antibiotics

Question 9

Spirillum

Answer 9

Gram-negative bacteria
Spiral shaped
Causes Lyme disease & Syphilis

Question 10

Bacillus

Answer 10

Gram-Positive bacteria
Rod shaped
Causes Anthrax
(most diseases occur in insects)

Question 11

Coccus

Answer 11

Gram-Positive
Sphere shaped
Causes Strep throat, pneumonia, and food poisoning
Chlamydia

Question 12

Aerobic vs anaerobic

Answer 12

aerobic bacteria needs oxygen while anaerobic doesn’t

Question 13

Antibiotics

Answer 13

affect bacteria by interfering with their cellular functions

Question 14

Antibiotic Resistence

Answer 14

Bacteria can mutate because their DNA is relativley fragile

Question 15

Exotoxins vs Endotoxins

Answer 15

Exotoxins- Some Gram+ bacteria secrete protein toxins

Endotoxins- Some Gram- bacteria secrete fat/carb toxin, but not until the bacteria cell like E.coli dies.

Question 16

Endospores

Answer 16

A shell-like structure that protects bacteria during harsh environmental conditions

Question 17

Biomedediation

Answer 17

Oil and chemical spill clean up

Question 18

Zoonosis

Answer 18

A disease that can be passed from animals to humans

Question 19

Obligate Anaerobes

Answer 19

Cannot live where oxygen is present

Question 20

Faculative Anaerobes

Answer 20

Can live with or without 02

Question 21

Obligate Aerobes

Answer 21

Must live with oxygen

Question 22

Microbiologists`

Answer 22

Are scientists who study microorganisms

Question 23

Pathogens

Answer 23

Cause disease

Question 24

Heterotrophs

Answer 24

Obtain carbon from other organisms

Question 25

autotrophs

Answer 25

Obtain carbon from CO2

Question 26

chemotrophs

Answer 26

obtainn energy from other chemicals

Question 27

phototrophs

Answer 27

obtain energy from light

Question 28

Binary-fission

Answer 28

Asexual reproduction

Question 29

Conjugation

Answer 29

the process by which 2 bacteria cells bind together and one cell transfers Dna to the other cell through a sex pilus

Question 30

Transduction

Answer 30

When a virus obtains a small part of DNA from a host bacterial cell, then makes copies within the host cell, which then blows open to release a new virus

Question 31

Transformation

Answer 31

Occurs when bacteria takes DNA from its surrounding environment

Question 32

Cyanobacteria

Answer 32

use of photosynthesis, produce oxygen, blue-green algae live in water, provide food to both marine and fresh water ecosystems

Question 33

Fermentation

Answer 33

used in the food industry to make buttermilk, sour cream, cheeses etc

Question 34

Methanogens

Answer 34

converts CO2 into methane gas | O2 is poisonous

Question 35

Halophile

Answer 35

Salt loving | uses salt to generate ATP(energy)

Question 36

Thermophile

Answer 36

High temps. | Found in volcanic vents or cracks in the ocean floor

Question 37

Plasmids

Answer 37

Some bacteria have plasmids- small circular, self-replicating loops of double strandid DNA

Question 38

Capsules and Pili

Answer 38

Many bacteria have capsules- a outer covering made of polysaccarides that keeps it from drying out or being engulfed in white blood cells. Pili- are hairlike structures made of protein or hooks that help them attatch to their host