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Yr6 Written facts > QuesMed > Flashcards

QuesMed Flashcards

1
Q

What is an irregular broad complex tachycardia on an ECG assumed to be

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

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2
Q

What typically causes a subacute presentation of infective endocarditis in patients with existing cardiac disease

A

Strep. Viridans

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3
Q

What would cause exertional dyspnoea, ejection systolic murmur, apical thrill and jerky pulse

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

Mx of VT with a pulse

A

DC Cardioversion

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5
Q

What is first line for diagnosing stable angina

A

CT Coronary Angiogram

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6
Q

What is indicated if lead I is positive but lead II and III are negative

A

Left axis deviation

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7
Q

Compare Mobitz Type 1 and Type 2

A

Type 1 has gradually increasing PR intervals

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8
Q

Ix of Aortic Dissection

A

Trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TOE)

TTE if unstable

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9
Q

What causes weakness and reduction in sensation over the medial digits of the hand

A

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

(ulnar nerve)

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10
Q

What causes parkinisonism and vertical gaze palsy

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy

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11
Q

What is the only medication licensed for treating MND

A

Riluzole

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12
Q

What causes bilateral left inferior quadrantanopia

A

Infarct in parietal lobe

“PITS” - which stands for “Parietal Inferior ; Temporal Superior”

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13
Q

What is Meig’s syndrome

A

Triad of

Ovarian tumour
Ascites
Pleural effusion

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13
Q

What may be used as a treatment option in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

Pirfenidone

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14
Q

Definitive Ix of PCP

A

Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage

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15
Q

Name an Abx for UTI which can cause pulmonary fibrosis

A

Nitrofurantoin

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16
Q

When treating PE when would unfractionated heparin be preferred to a DOAC

A

Renal insufficiency
Haemodynamically unstable

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17
Q

Mx of primary pneumothorax, SoB, 2.5cm

A

Aspiration

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18
Q

Most common cause of mechanical ventilator associated pneumonia?

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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19
Q

Tx of pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

A

IV Tazocin

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20
Q

What could be indicated by big P waves on ECG

A

P pulmonale - COPD

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21
Q

First line Ix of Cushing’s syndrome

A

Overnight Dexamethasone suppression test

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21
Q

Tx of Gastroparesis

A

Metoclopramide or domperidone

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22
Q

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer

A

Papillary

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22
Q

Severe side effect of pioglitazone?

A

Fluid retention

23
Q

Slightly raised TSH and normal T4

A

Sub clinical hypothyroidism

24
Q

Tx of Carcinoid tumours

A

Octreotide

25
Q

What does Faecal calprotectin screen for

A

IBD

26
Q

Causes of high SAAG ascites (4)

A

Cirrhosis
Heart failure
Budd Chiari syndrome
Hepatic failure

27
Q

Causes of low SAAG ascites

A

Infection
Malignancy
Nephrotic syndrome

28
Q

What is given in acute severe ulcerative colitis which does not respond to steroirds

A

IV ciclosporin

29
Q

First line to induce remission of Crohn’s disease

A

Glucocorticoids (prednisolone)

30
Q

A duodenal biopsy performed at this time demonstrated infiltration of the lamina propria by periodic acid-Schiff- (PAS-) positive macrophages.

A

Whipple’s disease

31
Q

What is Felty’s syndrome

A

Triad of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia

32
Q

Name a condition pseudogout is strongly associated with

A

Haemochromatosis

33
Q

Mx of Polymyositis

A

Prednisolone

33
Q

First choice of treatment for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)

A

Corticosteroids

34
Q

Mx of renal stones

A

<5mm watch and wait

> 5mm Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Signs of sepsis - Nephrostomy

35
Q

1st step of Mx of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State

A

1L 0.9% saline over 1-2 hours

Note that initial resuscitation is slightly slower than in DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis). This because the dehydration in HHS develops over a long time period and is more pronounced so should be corrected slightly more cautiously to avoid rapid fluid shifts

36
Q

Side effect of doxorubicin

A

Cardiomyopathy

37
Q

Side effect of vincristine

A

Peripheral Neuropathy

38
Q

Side effect of bleomycin

A

Lung fibrosis

39
Q

What causes hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperuricaemia and increased blood urea nitrogen

A

Tumour Lysis Syndrome

40
Q

Mx of malignant hyperthermia

A

IV dantrolene

41
Q

What prophylactic Abx should people take post-splenectomy

A

Phenoxymethylpenicilln

42
Q

What is the most common microbiological cause of otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

43
Q

Mx of Quinsy

A

Antibiotics and aspiration are now preferred to the traditional incision and drainage

44
Q

Mx of Vestibular schwannoma

A

Over 40mm require surgery.
Under 40mm require 6-monthly annual surveillance scans via MRI.

45
Q

Adjuvant Tx for ER positive and Her-2 positive breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen - ER positive
Trastuzumab - Her2 positive

46
Q

Outline the N in TNM staging

A

N0 = No spread to nearby nodes
N1 = Spread to 1-3 local nodes
N2 = Spread to 4-9 local nodes
N3 = Spread to 10 or more local nodes or spread to supraclavicular or infraclavicular lymph nodes.

47
Q

Mx of Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Topical Chloramphenicol eyedrops

48
Q

Sudden painless loss of vision
Stormy sunset appearance

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

49
Q

Compare central retinal vein and artery occlusion

A

Vein occlusion far more common

Artery occlusion - rapid vision loss, cherry-red spot on macula

50
Q

Patients present with floaters and flashes followed by a ‘curtain falling over’ their vision

A

Retinal detachment

51
Q

Floaters in vision, painless loss of vision, history of Diabetes

A

Vitreous Haemorrhage

52
Q

A 23-year-old male presents to the sexual health clinic with dysuria and urethral discharge. On examination, he has tender inguinal lymphadenopathy and a green urethral discharge.

Most likely organism

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

53
Q

Main cause of erysipelas
(butterfly rash in cheek)

A

Strep. Pyogenes

53
Q

What causes peripheral neuropathy in TB Tx?
What is given to prevent this?

A

Isoniazid

Give Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

54
Q

Mx of Erysipelas

A

Flucloxacillin

55
Q

What Abx can reduce seizure threshold in patients with epilepsy, and should be used with extreme caution

A

Ciprofloxacin
(and other quinolones)

Yr6 Written facts (8 decks)

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