Quarterly2

Question 0

The sun

Answer 0

• insolation means inner solar radiation
• as the angle of insolation increases the temperature decreases
• The sun is most intense and angle of 90° (sun is at your Zenith)
• in the US at noon to see the sun you have to face south(shadow points north)
• The sun is never overhead in NYS (sun only overhead between the tropics)
• the equator always received 12 hours of intense sunlight
• -duration of insulation is the links of day most in summer less in winter

Question 1

The earth and relations

Answer 1

• earth is tilted at 23.5 degrees
• geocentric model; everything revolves around Earth
• heliocentric model;everything revolves around the sun this is the correct model
• A solar eclipse happens when the moon is between Earth and the sun and a block out the sun
• A lunar eclipse happens when the earth is between the sun and the moon and the shadow hits the moon

Question 2

Shadows

Answer 2

• shadows are longest when the sun is low in the sky (winter and sunrise/sunset)
• shortest when the sun is highest in the sky (summer and noon)

Question 3

Degrees of the solstices and equinoxes

Answer 3

• June 21~ 72°
• December 21~ 26°
• March 21 and September 23~49°

Question 4

Summer solstice

Answer 4

June 21 
sunrises- north of east 
sunsets- north of West 
suns altitude highest of the year 
-sun is directly overhead at T. Cancer 23.5°N 
-NY 16 hours of daylight 
-North Pole 24 hours of daylight

Question 5

Winter solstice

Answer 5

December 21 
sunrises- south of East 
Sunset- south of West 
suns altitude lowest of year 
-sun is directly overhead at T.Capricorn 23.5°S
-NY 8 hours of daylight 
North Pole 0 hours daylight

Question 6

Vernal equinox and Autumnal equinox

Answer 6

March 21 and September 23

• sunrises due East
• Sunset due West
• sun is directly overhead at equator
• whole Earth get 12 hours of day and night

Question 7

The moon

Answer 7

One full cycle of moon phases takes 29.5 days

• the moons rate of rotation equals its rate of revolution 27.3 days (why always see same side of the moon)
• new Moon occurs when the moon is between Earth and the sun
• full Moon occurs when the earth is between the sun and the moon

Question 8

Tides

Answer 8

-Tides are caused by the moons gravitational pull on the earth
-the moon is closer to the earth than the sun
12 hours and 25 minutes from one high tide to next high tide/one low tide to next low tide
-six hours and 12 minutes from one high tide to one Low tide
-tides are cyclic cause they are predictable and occur in the pattern. -
when the earth moon and sun are in a line it is the extreme tides(spring tides)
-when the moon and sun are working against each other we get a smaller range of tides(neap tides)

Question 9

Eccentricity

Answer 9

The measure of how oval or elliptic the orbit is
-highest is 1 looks like an oval
-lowest is 0 looks like a perfect circle
-The further apart the foci are the more eccentric the ellipse is
-One of the foci is always labeled as the sun
-closer and larger two objects are the greater the force of gravity
- as a planet gets closer to the sun or a star the faster it orbits
-we orbit at our fastest speed at perihelion January 3
we orbit slowest at aphelion July 4

Question 10

Stars

Answer 10

-Stars start off as a cloud of dust and gas~ nebula
-nuclear fusion takes place a star is born~ energy is created
-the sun is an average star
-Stars burn by converting hydrogen into helium~ nuclear fusion
-star ages there will be less hydrogen and more helium
hottest stars=blue
-coldest stars=red
-universe is expanding comes from redshift
-galaxies exhibit a redshifted wavelength~means moving away from us
-blue: towards
-red: away