Energy Flashcards
Electromagnetic energy
-This is the energy that is radiated or given off in a form of transverse waves
Energy
- The ability to do work
- everything that is done in the universe involves the use or transfer of energy -most of earths surface processes are powered by energy from the sun
Transverse waves
-Waves that vibrate at right angles in the direction in which they are moving
Visible light waves
- type of electromagnetic energy that is radiated by the sun and observed with the human eye
- only part of the electromagnetic spectrum That can be seen by the human eye
Characteristics and types of electromagnetic energy
- distinguished by their different wavelengths
- wavelength is the distance from one crest to a wave to the next crest
- electromagnetic spectrum shows us the different types of electromagnetic energy in order of increasing wavelengths
The order of increasing wavelengths
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays
The two groups of electromagnetic wavelengths
- With a wavelength longer than visible light it is called longwave
- with wavelengths shorter then visible light is called a shortwave
Reflected
Bounced off the material
Refracted
Bent in their passage through materials or varying density
Scattered
Refracted or reflected in various directions
Transmitted
Passed through the material
Absorb
Taken into the material
Absorption
- surface determines the amount of electromagnetic energy that can be absorbed
- -example; the darker the color of the surface material the more visible light it will absorb - roughness or smoothness of the surface also affects the amount of electromagnetic energy that will be absorbed
- rougher surface the more energy it will absorb/ the less it will reflect
- the more effective a material is at absorbing the better it will also be at radiating electromagnetic energy
Transfer of energy
- Energy moves from a source to a sink -transfer of energy from a region of higher temp. To a region of lower temp. is called heat energy
- heat transfers thermal energy which is the energy of the motion of atoms in molecules
Dynamic equilibrium
- heat will continue to move from the source to the sink until their energies are equal making a dynamic equilibrium
- at dynamic equilibrium a region loses and gains equal amounts of energy
Conduction
The transfer of heat energy from atom to atom or molecule to molecule
Convection
- transfer of heat by movement and fluids (gases and liquids) caused by differences in density
- warmer portions of fluid have lower densities and rise above cooler portions
- higher density portions of fluid are pulled down and displace less dense objects pushing them upwards
Convection current
Circulatory motion the transfers heat energy from one place to another
Radiation
- heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves
- can occur in liquids, solids and gases -does not require a medium to transfer the energy
Transformation of energy
The changing of one type of energy into another type of energy
Mechanical energy
- 1; all the energy of an object or system not related to the motions of atoms and molecules
- 2; the total of the potential and kinetic energy of an object or system
Kinetic energy
An object in motion
Potential energy
Related to position or phase or known as stored energy
Kinetic and potential
Either Kinetic or potential energy can be transformed into the other
Temperature and heat
The temperature of an object is directly related to the amount of heat or thermal energy in the object or region
Temperature
- measure of kinetic energy of the particles of a body of matter
- not a type of energy
- greater the average of kinetic energy of the particles of matter the higher the temperature
Specific heat
The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of any substance 1C
-could also be thought of as the resistance of material has to heating or cooling off
What has the highest specific heat
Liquid water
Melting
Changing from solid to liquid
Solidification a.k.a. freezing
Changing from liquid to solid
Evaporation
Changing from liquid to gas
Condensation
Gas to liquid
Deposition
Changing of gas directly to solid
Phase changes
- when the material is going through a phase change its temp. will stay the same as it is heated
- turns from solid to liquid or liquid to gas: must gain heat
- turns from gas to liquid or from liquid to solid: must lose stored heat
A concrete play area is resurfaced was dark colored asphalt compared with the amount of heat energy that was absorbed by the old concrete surface the amount of heat energy absorbed by the dark-colored asphalt surface will most probably be
Greater
The following diagram represents the path of visible light travels from air to water to air through a glass container of water. The light does not travel in a straight line because of
Refracted
An ice cube is placed in a glass of water at room temperature which heat exchange occurs between ice and water within the first minute
The ice cube games he in the water loses heat
The following map shows for locations and a temperature field the temperature of each location is given in degrees Celsius heat energy will normally flow
From A to B because the hot air rises to cold air
A barefoot student stuff on the hot concrete surface most of the heat transfer to the students can buy this contact is by the process of
Conduction
Drawn a volcanic irruption a rock is thrust upward into the air from point a to point B I shown in the following diagram witchcraft best represent the relationship between the height of the rock as potential energy as it rises
Three as the height increases so does the potential energy
The transfer of heat energy from the sun Earth takes place by
Radiation
Water vapor solidifies an atmosphere to form ice crystals and clouds which statement best describes exchange of heat energy during this process
Heat energy is released from the water vapor into the atmosphere
Which process results in the release of stored heat energy
Condensation
Which process requires the most absorption of energy by water
vaporization 1 g of liquid water
The suns energy is often converted into potential energy by
Evaporation of water from the oceans
