Quarter 4 Final Exam Flashcards
Taboos
A forbidden act considered so offensive to norms, as to be reviled and unthinkable
Customs
A cultural idea that describes a regular, patterned behavior that is considered characteristic of life in a social system
Folkways
The learned behavior shared by a social group that provides a traditional mode of conduct
Laws
A formal or informal rule or standard enacted by a political entity and enforced by agents with recognized authority as the police or the courts
Rules
Defined acceptable and appropriate actions within a given group or community, thus guiding human behavior
Mores
patterns of ideas and acts with great moral significance
“must” behaviors
Ethnocentrism
- The view that one’s own race, nation, group or culture
is superior to all others. - The world should be viewed using my culture as the measure of what is proper.
Cultural Relativism
The view that all cultures are important and should be
considered when judging people’s behavior
Cultural Universal
Patterns of living and dying that are common in all cultures
ex. all cultures check for death before burial/disposition
Enculturation
Method of internalizing social values
Demographics
The study/science of vital statistics (births, death, marriages etc)
Mobility/Class Mobility
Ability to move to a different social class
Neo-localization
the ability to move from where you were born
Geographic mobility
Ability to move to a different region
Kubler Ross’s Stages of Grief
D.A.B.D.A
1) Denial
2) Anger
3) Bargaining
4) Depression
5) Acceptance
- May skip, or regress
- May not happen in order
Worden’s 4 Tasks of Mourning
1) ACCEPT the reality of the loss
2) WORK THROUGH the pain of the grief
3) ADJUST to an environment in which the deceased is missing
4) EMOTIONALLY RELOCATE the deceased and move on with life
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
We are motivated by lower needs and must satisfy them before addressing higher-level needs
Carl Rogers
Created person-centered/humanistic therapy
Conformity
Changing one’s behavior to be like others
Compliance
Changing one’s behavior in response to request of another
(your friends urging you to get your license)
Obedience
Changing one’s behavior at command of an authority figure
Social Loafing
The experience of someone in a group who does no work but gets the credit
What are the 2 Mood Disorders?
Depression, bipolar disorder
Depression
Chronic feeling of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness
Bipolar disorder
Disorder with extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and debilitating lows (depression)
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Anxiety
An emotion characterized by fear, apprehension, and worry
Phobia
overwhelming and debilitating fear of an object, place, situation, feeling or animal
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (“obsessions”) and/or behaviors (“compulsions”) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
Panic Disorder
Having panic attacks brought on by extreme anxiety
Attitude
A settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person’s behavior.
Prejudice
Negative attitude toward others typically based on gender, race, religion, etc
Discrimination
Negative behavior based on our prejudice
Sigmund Freud
- Psychological and emotional aspects of grief
- wrote Melancholia and Mourning
- Talked to adults about what their childhood was like
Eric Lindemann
- Studied the aftermath of the Coconut Grove Night Club Fire
- Grief Syndrome: a series of physical symptoms/aspects associated with loss; physical aspects of grief
John Bowlby
- Attachment Theory: Relational aspects of grief
Colin Murray Parkes (CM Parkes)
Clinical aspects of grief (Problematic Grief); how do we get a resolution
Carl Jung and his principles
- Student of Freud
- Studied the biological changes in children
- conscious mind
- personal unconscious
- collective unconscious
- persona
- archetypes
John Bowlby’s Principles
- Our adult lives are shaped by our childhood experiences
- The relationship we have with our caregiver influences how we develop
- Attachment is more important than body needs
- We need to form an attachment by age 3 in order to develop
Attachment Theory
- Proximity Maintenance
- Safe Haven
- Secure Base
- Separation Distress
Proximity Maintenance
The desire to be near the people we are attached to
Safe Haven
Returing to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat
Secure Base
The attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment
Separation Distress
Anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure
Jean Piaget’s Principles
- Children are not little adults
- They deserve separate study
- We reason differently until age 15
- We have personas
Erik Erickson
- 8 Stages of Development
- From infancy to old age
Altruistic Suicide
Others will be better off if I died
Altruistic: means selfless concern for others
Anomic Suicide
Numb to feelings; in a hopeless situation
Egoistic Suicide
Taking control of the situation by committing suicide
Fatalistic Suicide
I’m dying anyway, so I should speed up the process
Ego Defense Mechanisms
- Denial
- Suppression
- Regression
- Projection
- Displacement
- Rationalization
Denial
Denying that something/problem exists
Regression
a return to a former or less developed state.
Projection
Assigning your own unacceptable feelings or qualities to others
Displacement
Taking feelings out on others
Rationalization
Justifiying an unacceptable feeling or behavior with logic
(Canine’s) Needs of the Bereaved
- Confirm reality
- Establish stability
- Recieve emotional support
- Express emotion
- Modify emotional ties to the deceased
- Provide a basis for building new interpersonal relationships
Types of Counseling
- Informational
- Situational
- Psychotherapy
Informational Counseling
Giving education
Situational Counseling
Giving advice or helping with a current situation
Psychotherapy
Looking into past trauma
Styles of Counseling
- Directive
- Non-Directive
- Client-Centered/Person Centered
Directive Counseling
Giving directions and telling the patient what to do
Non-Directive Counseling
Allowing the patient to come to their own conclusion
Client-Centered/Person-Centered Counseling
- An extreme form of non-directive counseling
- The principle is that everyone is capable of solving their own problems
- Involves unconditional positive regard
Psychiatrist
A medical professional who prescribes medication
Psychologist
A medical professional that does psychological testing
Counselor
Anyone who provides counseling
Grief Support Groups
Talking with people who have had similar experiences and they provide support
Grief Counseling
Counseling those who are grieving
Grief Therapy
- Psychoanalysis
- Looking into the past and why grief is difficult
Types of Grief Responses
- Normal Grief Response: Anticipatory Grief
- Abnormal Grief Responses: Chronic Grief, Exaggerated Grief, Delayed Grief, Masked Grief, Disenfranchised Grief
Anticipatory Grief
- A feeling of grief occurring before an impending loss.
- A Normal Grief Response
Chronic Grief
- Grief that lasts an extended amount of time
- Persistent grief disorder
- Abnormal Grief Response
Exaggerated Grief
- Response to grief that is more than expected
- Abnormal Grief Response
Delayed Grief
- Putting off/avoiding the grieving process
- Abnormal Grief Response
Masked Grief
- Symptoms you do not connect with the grief being experienced
- Abnormal Grief Response
Disenfranchised Grief
- Grief that can not be talked about
- Abnormal Grief Response
