Ethics Final Exam

Question 1

Id

Answer 1

Childlike behavior; self centered

Question 2

Ego

Answer 2

balances personal wants as well as the well-being of others
balancing the needs of yourself and others
matures as teenagers

Question 3

Superego

Answer 3

gives priority to others
your conscience
considering the needs of others
matures as adults

Question 4

Jean Piaget

Answer 4

studied infants and children
created theory of child development

Question 5

Stages of Child Development

Answer 5

Sensorimotor stage
preoperational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage

Question 6

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 6

child begins to understand hearing, smell, and taste
reacting to senses
ages 0-6

Question 7

Preoperational Stage

Answer 7

2nd Step
reacting to physical qualities

Question 8

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 8

3rd Step
understands cause and effect
understand experience things

Question 9

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 9

understands conceptual thoughts

Question 10

Logic Behind Ethical Decisions Under 10/11

Answer 10

rules are unchangeable
rules come from a higher authority
punishment, not motives

Question 11

Logic Behind Ethical Decisions Over10/11

Answer 11

rules can change
rules come from and serve the group
should consider motives and intentions

Question 12

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 12

• Used cases like the Heinz Case
• interviewed young boys and teen boys
• looked at their decision process
• studied moral decision making through hypothetical situations
• proposed 6 stages of development

Question 13

Level 1- Preconventional Morality

Answer 13

concerned with one’s own needs and desires
Stage 1- Obedience and punishment orientation: make decisions based on avoiding punishment
Stage 2- Individualism and Exchange: make decisions and exchanges for your own benefit

Question 14

Level 2- Conventional Morality

Answer 14

make decisions based on the needs, desires, and impact on your community
Stage 3- Good Intrapersonal Relationships: make decisions based on well-being of others
Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order- do what is good for community

Question 15

Level 3- Postconventional Morality

Answer 15

consider doing more than conventional morality
Stage 5: Social Contract and individual rights: considers individuals rights
Stage 6: Universal Principles

Question 16

Whistleblower

Answer 16

an employee of an organization who has knowledge of illegal or unethical activities within their organization and reports those to the public

Question 17

Acts that protect whistleblowers

Answer 17

No fear act
osha regulations

Question 18

Decision-Making Model

Answer 18

Gather facts
identify and state the issue
gather background
explore, evaluate options
decide
take action
learn from the experience

Question 19

PLUS

Answer 19

ethical decision-making model provides a simple guideline to assist decision-makers in making confident decisions that are in line with their values
policies
legal
universal values
self- am i okay with this

Question 20

golden rule

Answer 20

do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Question 21

platinum rule

Answer 21

do unto others as they would have you do unto them

Question 22

Public disclosure test

Answer 22

if the action i want to do became public, would i still do it/ would i be embarrassed?

Question 23

Universalization test

Answer 23

if the action i eant to do became a universal actio (everyone did it), would the world be a better place?

Question 24

Value of Life

Answer 24

protect life; life is valuable
component of a moral system

Question 25

Principle of goodness/rightness

Answer 25

do what is good; promote rightness and avoid badness
component of a moral system

Question 26

Principle of Justice/fairness

Answer 26

good and bad should be evenly distributed
component of a moral system

Question 27

Truthtelling/ honesty

Answer 27

in most cases, choose to tell the truth (sometimes honesty isn’t the most moral decision)
component of a moral system

Question 28

Individual Freedom

Answer 28

value the right to make your own decisions
component of a moral system