Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Liz's Hematology Module 2 > Quantitative WBC Abnormalities > Flashcards

Quantitative WBC Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Normal WBC count

A

4.5-11.5 x 10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of leukocytosis

A

Any WBC count over 11.5 x 10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 general mechanisms for all types of leukocytosis

A
  1. Cells from BM (increased flow from BM)
  2. Shift of cells from marginal granulocyte pool to circulating granulocyte pool
  3. Decreased outflow of cells from blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 physiological causes of leukocytosis

A
  • Exercise
  • Stress
  • Hypoxia
  • Labor
  • Shfit from marginal pool to circulating pool?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

6 pathological causes of leukocytosis

A
  • Disease or tissue damage
  • Infection
  • Toxins (drugs, chemicals)
  • Necross (MI, burns surgery)
  • Hemorrhage
  • Hemolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of leukemoid reaction

A

Excessive leukocytosis

  • WBC > 50.0 x 10^9/L WITH a left shift
  • Shift to the left in myeloid series (immature cells in PB)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 types of leukemoid reactions

A
  • Neutrophilic

- Lymphocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Production of bands, myelos, metas - sometimes difficult to differentiate from chronic myelogenous leukemia and occurs with infections, hemolysis, and burns

A

Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Produces lymphs- maybe be hard to distinguish from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and these reactions can occur in Pertussis, mononucleosis, and viral infeactions

A

Lymphocytic leukemoid reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CML vs. leukemoid reaction

- Incrase in what cells?

A
  • CML: increases in all granulocytes including eosinophils and basophilis
  • Leukemoid: increase in granulocytes BUT it is uncommon for increases in eosinophils and basophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CML vs. leukemoid reaction

- Dyspoietic morphology (mixed granulation)

A
  • CML: dyspoietic morphology

- Leukemoid: no dyspoietic morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CML vs. leukemeoid reaction

- Platelets

A
  • CML: giant and hypogranular platelets

- Leukemoid: Normal platelet morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define leukoerythroblastosis

A

Presence of both immature neutrophils and nucleated RBCs in the PB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cause of leukoerythroblastosis

A

Caused by a space occupying lesion in the bone marrow (fibrosis, metastic tumor, lymphoma, leukemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define leukopenia

A

Any WBC count < 4.5 x 10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mechanisms of leukopenia

A
  • Decreased flow of cells from bone marrow
  • Shift from CGP to MGP
  • Increased outflow from blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Causes of leukopenia

A
  • Viral infections
  • Drugs (some antibiotics, chemotherapy)
  • Radiation
  • Hematologic disorders (pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, MDS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a relative value?

A

% of cell type in specified volume

19
Q

What is an absolute value?

A

of cell type in specified volume

20
Q

Calculation for the absolute value

A

Absolute = total WBC x % cell type (add up segs and bands for neutrophil count)

21
Q

Definition of neutrophilia

A

Increase in neutrophils > 8.1 x 10^9/L

22
Q

Causes of neutrophilia

A
  • Physiologic: stress, exercise, pregnancy
  • Acute infection, usually bacterial
  • Chronic inflammation (gout, RA, burns)
  • Steroids (cause demarginalization and inhibit neutrophil apoptosis)
23
Q

Define neutropenia

A

Decrease in neutrophils < 2.3 x 10^9/L

24
Q

Neutropenia mechanisms

A
  • Decreased BM production
  • Shift from CGP to MGP
  • Increase in rate of outflow of neutrophils from blood
25
Q

Neutropenia severity

- Severe w/ increased risk of infection

A

< 1.5 x 10^9/L

26
Q

Neutropenia severity

- Increased risk of auto-infection

A

< 1.0 x 10^9/L

27
Q

Neutropenia severity

- Very serious risk, reverse isolation and/or prophylactic antibiotics

A

< 0.5 x 10^9/L

28
Q

Definition of eosinophilia

A

Increase in eosinophils > 0.6 x 10^9/L

29
Q

Causes of eosinophilia

A
  • Allergic responses
  • Skin disorders
  • Parasitic infections, especially helminths (worms)
  • Infectious disease
  • Hematologic disorders
30
Q

Definition of eosinopenia

A

Decrease in eosinophils; usually not significant and is difficult to measure

31
Q

Causes of eosinopenia

A
  • Stress
  • Bacterial infections
  • Viral infections
  • Steroids
32
Q

Definition of basophilia

A

Increase in basophils > 0.2 x 10^9/L

33
Q

Causes of basophilia

A
  • Allergies
  • Hypothyroidism
  • MPN
34
Q

Definition of basopenia

A

Decrease in basophils is difficult to measure and is not significant

35
Q

Causes of basopenia

A
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Stress
  • Infection
36
Q

Definition of monocytosis

A

Increase in monocytes > 1.3 x 10^9/L

37
Q

Causes of monocytosis

A
  • Hematologic disorders (MDS, AMML, CMML, AMoL)
  • Connective tissue disorders
  • Infections (recovery from infection is a good prognosis)
38
Q

Definition of monocytopenia

A

Decrease in monocytes < 0.1 x 10^9/L

39
Q

Causes of monocytopenia

A
  • Hairy cell leukemia

- Counts fall transiently after administration of prednisone

40
Q

Definition of lymphocytosis

A

Depends on age

  • Adults: > 4.5 x 10^9/L
  • Children: > 11.1 x 10^9/L
41
Q

Causes of lymphocytosis

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis (EBV most common)
  • Infectious lymphocytosis
  • Bordetella pertussis (in children)
42
Q

Definition of lymphocytopenia/lymphopenia

A

Depends on age

  • Adults: < 0.8 x 10^9/L
  • Children: < 1.5 x 10^9/L
43
Q

Causes of lymphocytopenia

A
  • Immunologic disorders (SCID, DiGeorge Syndrome)
  • Chemotherapy, radiation
  • Immunosuppressive agent (steroids)
44
Q

What is the significance of the absolute neutrophilc count (ANC) to an oncologist?

A

It’s an assessment of the patient’s risk of contracting a potentially life-threatening infection

Liz's Hematology Module 2 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions