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quantitative research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 4 quantitative research methods?

A

laboratory experiments
field experiments
natural/quasi experiments
correlational studies

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2
Q

what are 2 strengths of lab experiments?

A

highly controlled
replicable

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3
Q

what is 1 limitation of lab experiments?

A

lack of ecological validity

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4
Q

what is a strength of field experiments?

A

validity

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5
Q

what is a limitation of field experiments?

A

less control

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6
Q

what is one strength of quasi experiments?

A

high ecological validity

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7
Q

what are 2 limitations of quasi experiments?

A

lack of control
not reliable

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8
Q

what is a positive correlation?

A

when both variables are affected in the same way. As x increases y increases or while x decreases y decreases

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9
Q

what is a negative correlation?

A

when one variable increases when the other decreases

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10
Q

what is bidirectional ambiguity?

A

when researchers are unable to tell if x affected y of if y affected x

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11
Q

what are extraneous/confounding variables

A

undesirable variable that influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variable

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12
Q

what are 3 demand characteristics?

A

expectancy effect
screw you effect
social desirability effect

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12
Q

what are demand characteristics?

A

when participants act differently simply because they know they are in a study

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12
Q

what is the screw you effect?

A

the participants attempt to discern the experimenters hypothesis in order to destroy the credibility of the study

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12
Q

what is the expectancy effect?

A

the participant believes they have quested the aim of the study and act in a certain way or giving the “right answers” to help the researchers

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12
Q

what is the social desirability effect?

A

this is when participants answer in a way that makes them look good to the researcher. often done to avoid embarrassment or judgment

12
Q

what is researcher bias?

A

when the experimenter consciously or unconsciously affects the findings of the study

13
Q

what is a double-blind control? why is it used?

A

when both participants and researchers are unaware which participant is in which group or the aim of the study, this can help eliminating researcher biases.

14
Q

what is participant variability?

A

is a limitation of a study when the characteristics of the sample affect the dependent variable. This can be controlled for by selecting a random sample and randomly allocating the participants to the treatment and control groups.

15
Q

what does TEACUP stand for?

A

testable
evidence
application
construct validity
unbiased
predictive validity

16
Q

what is high heuristic validity?

A

high applicability

17
Q

what is reductionism?

A

describing a complex phenomenon in terms of simple explanations or singular variables

18
Q

what are 2 research designs?

A

repeated measures design
independent samples design

19
Q

what is repeated measures design?

A

participants do both conditions

20
Q

what is a strengths of a repeated measures design?

A

participant variability (participants are compared to themselves)

21
Q

what is a limitation of a repeated measures design? how can we prevent it?

A

order effect, when participants get better at the task because of practice

22
Q

what is a way to prevent order effect?

A

counter balancing, one group of participants will start with condition A and then takes part in condition B. The second group of participants starts with condition B and then takes part in condition A. This makes sure that it is not the order of the conditions that affects the results of the study.

23
Q

what is independent samples design?

A

when participants only experience one of the 2 conditions

24
Q

what is a limitation of independent samples design?

A

participant variability

Psychology (12 decks)

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