qualitative research methods

Question 1

what are 4 qualitative research methods ?

Answer 1

interviews
focus groups
observations
case studies
surveys

Question 2

what are the 3 types of interviews?

Answer 2

structured
semi-structure
unstructured

Question 3

what are the types of observations?

Answer 3

naturalistic or laboratory
overt or covert
participant or non-participant

Question 4

what are 4 measures to increase credibility ?

Answer 4

triangulation
reflexivity
credibility checks
rich descriptions

Question 5

what is triangulation?

Answer 5

combine and compare different approaches of collecting data

Question 6

what is reflexivity?

Answer 6

reflect on researchers own biases that may affect collection and interpretation of results

Question 7

what are credibility checks?

Answer 7

have participants check accuracy of the data and confirm the researchers interpretation

Question 8

what are rick descriptions?

Answer 8

provide detailed description of the observed behavior and contextual details

Question 9

what is heuristic validity?

Answer 9

how much can the theory be applied to explain situations

Question 10

what are 3 participant biases?

Answer 10

social desirability bias
dominant respondent bias
sensitivity bias

Question 11

what is social desirability bias? how can it be overcome?

Answer 11

tendency to behave in ways that will make them accepted or more liked by the researcher

Overcome by: non-judgmental questions –good rapport

Question 12

what is dominant respondent bias? how can it be overcome?

Answer 12

tendency to be influenced by the behavior of others, particularly more dominant participants (occurs in group interviews)
Overcome by: equal opportunities for everyone to speak

Question 13

what is sensitivity bias? how can it be overcome?

Answer 13

tendency to distort answers in sensitive questions
Overcome by: good rapport – trust – ethical conduct – gradual progression towards sensitive questions

Question 14

what are 3 researcher bias?

Answer 14

confirmation bias
leading question bias
biased reported

Question 15

what is confirmation bias ?how can it be overcome?

Answer 15

researcher uses research to confirm a prior belief

Overcome by: reflexivity, although it is difficult not to be subjective

Question 16

what is leading question bias ?how can it be overcome?

Answer 16

wording of questions promotes a certain answer

Overcome by: training to interview asking neutral and open-ended questions

Question 17

what is biased reporting ?how can it be overcome?

Answer 17

certain findings not equally represented in the report

Overcome by: reflexivity and triangulation

Question 18

what are 3 sample biases?

Answer 18

gender bias
cultural bias
student sample

Question 19

what is a gender bias?

Answer 19

the researcher aims to investigate a phenomenon/theory without specifying a specific gender, yet only recruits one specific gender to study.

Question 20

what is cultural bias?

Answer 20

the researcher aims to investigate a phenomenon/theory without specifying a specific culture, yet only recruits one specific cultural group to study

Question 21

what is student bias?

Answer 21

students often over-represent certain characteristics that the rest of the world does not share such as being young, rebellious and educated. We cannot easily generalize findings where the sample was students