quantitative chapter 6, 8 Flashcards
A variable is
Any entity that can take on a variety of different values
attributes reflect these of a variable
specific categories
a positive relationship between two variables exists when
one affects the other, or negatively affects the other
a negative relationship exists when
when the result is not consistent - negative to positive
what kind of relationship do we need for a dependent-intdependent variable thing?
does X influence Y?
intervening variables do this
show whether there is a change or not in the effect that the independent variable has on the dependent variable: self esteem in looking at teacher’s effects on kids
antecedent variable
context variables
Likert scales are these type of variables
interval variables
you cannot calculate the mean in a document if it
outliers - has values that are not consistent with the rest
to find the median of even number of scores,
find the mean of those two scores
with extreme scores, this measure of central tendency is used
median
mode is the most occuring
variable
multimodal
where there are more than two modes
the mode is used when you want to describe
what the most popular thing is
with a positively skewed curve, the tail is longer on the
right side of distribution
with an negatively skewed curve has a long tail on the
left side of distribution
6 - variables allow the researcher the understand two basic phenomena:
relationships and differecnes
6 - there are two differences that can be oberved, and this is what they do:
differences of kind and degree. Kind is when football players play football and cheerleaders cheer, and degree is when you’re examining the same thing in two variables
6 - what does the absolute zero mean in ratio variables?
represents the absence of the characteristic: exam scores, temperature, and speed
6 - what are the two tests associated with interval and ratio variables?
ANOVA and t test
descriptive statistics are used to
organize and summarize information or data: percentage of classroom males compared to females
inferential statistics
infer and predict, using a smaller group of data to a larger group, such as the population: two grades’ levels of competence are measured and compared to infer a prediction
kurtosis is when:
0: a peak in the middle-scores all go to the center - -5 or whatever means that there is a minimal peak
the range of a score is when you subtract
the highest from the lowest score
