Quantitative Assessment (non-experimental) Flashcards
What is the difference between a survey and a questionnaire?
Survey: to question someone to collect data for analysis
Questionnaire: an instrument used to survey
Survey research: administering a questionnaire to determine attitudes, opinions, beliefs, values or behaviours
What are the benefits of a questionnaire?
Efficient - time and money Standardized Easier to answer/interpret Convenient Larger sample Reduced bias
How do you determine the questions for the content?
Is the question necessary/useful?
Will the respondent be knowledgeable about what you are asking?
Are several questions needed?
What are the 3 most popular types of question content?
Questions about background
Questions about attitudes or opinions
Questions about actual behaviours
When are questions most misunderstood?
An advanced reading level is required -vocabulary is not easily understood -complex sentence structure 2 or more questions are present within the same question Questions are ambiguous Questions are worded in the negative Questions are lengthy One or more instructions are given
What types of questions should you start with?
Demographic questions - they are easy to answer
Where should you place sensitive/personal questions?
Halfway - 3/4
Is it best to follow chronological order?
Start at the beginning of the week and work forward
Should questions be asked one topic at a time? Transitions?
Keep topics together, add space or something to show a transition
What is the influence of prior responses?
Keep a balance. switch from positive to negative maybe hard if all previous questions were negative
Does an important question come too early or too late to receive appropriate attention?
Too early they may not want to share
Too late they may be too tired
What are three different question formats?
Open ended
Close ended
Semi-structured
What are open-ended questions?
They can write down whatever they want
What are close-ended questions?
Select on of the responses
What is a semi-structured question?
Ask them to select one answer but provide an “other” option so they can write in their answer
What is the dichotomous response format? (close-ended)
2 possible responses
Caution when you are forcing two branches –> make sure everyone can fit into the two categories
What is the filter or contingency response format?
When one question is asked to determine whether a respondent is qualified or has the experience to answer a subsequent question
* do not use more than 3 levels and 2 jumps
What is the nominal response format?
The number next to each response has no meaning except as a placeholder for that response
What is ordinal response format?
The response are ranked based on preference
* goof at separating the best and worst not what rankings in the middle
Numbers indicate an order
What is continuous judgment (scales) response format?
A continuum of responses is presented for a question
May be numbered or specifically labelled
The respondent is asked to select the place on the continuum that is most representative of him/herself
What is the visual analog scale?
Most commonly measures pain
2 anchors on each end
Unipolar - measures one thing
What is an adjectival scale?
Similar to VAS
Has descriptors
Pick descriptors people can relate to
What is the Likert Scale?
Similar to the adjectival
Bipolar - two different characteristics
The middle is neutral
What is the faces scale?
Does not require reading level
Respond to pain, emotion or RPE
Faces may not match the descriptors
What are some general issues in construction of continuous scales?
People interpret the categories differently - can’t provide definitions for descriptors
Conceptual symmertry
