Quant

Question 1

What is quantitative data

Answer 1

• focuses on numerical data
• aims to measure and test
• uses structured tools and instruments
• common in intervention studies, surveys, observational research

Question 2

What is a randomised control trial (RCT)

Answer 2

• GOLD STANDARD FOR RESEARCH
• random assignment to intervention and control group
• reduces bias
• allows casual conclusions

Question 3

What is ‘blinding’ participants?

Answer 3

• when the participant doesn’t know whether they are part of the control or intervention group
• prevents the risk of placebo
• placebo- feeling an impact because that’s the outcome you would expect to happen

Question 4

What is a p value?

Answer 4

The likelihood of getting that result due to chance or causation

Question 5

What is a quasi-experimental design?

Answer 5

Where there is a control and intervention group though the population is not randomly assigned there is a pre-decided division. E.g. comparing an intervention between boys and girls

Question 6

What is a repeated measures design?

Answer 6

• involves testing the same participants under multiple conditions or over multiple time points
• allowing researchers to assess changes within individuals.

Question 7

What is an observational study?

Answer 7

• no intervention, just observation
• used for association, not causation

Different types:
- cohort
- case-control
- cross-sectional

Question 8

How do you do a cohort observational study?

Answer 8

• start with exposure
• follow the population
• measure incidence and risk in outcome

Question 9

How do you do a case-control observational study?

Answer 9

• start with an outcome
• move backwards
• looks at risk factors

Question 10

How do you do a cross sectional study?

Answer 10

Check PowerPoint !!!
- only shows a moment in time

Question 11

What is a correlational design

Answer 11

CORRELATION DOES NOT EQUAL CAUSATION
- looks at the relationship between two different variables

Question 12

What are inferential statistics?

Answer 12

• help make conclusions about populations based on data from a sample
• tests hypothesis
• estimate likelihood that something is due to chance

Question 13

What’s are some examples to test for inferential statistics?

Answer 13

• T test- compares 2 means
• ANOVA- compares means across more than 2 groups
• Chi- Squared- compare proportions
• Correlation and Regression- measures relationships

Question 14

What does a Pareto Chart show?

Answer 14

• Pareto chart helps identify where effort to reduce late arrivals might have the most impact
• rather than addressing causes equally, focus on the 80% which might yield the biggest differences