Quality Improvement Flashcards
Measuring a predicted change
‘run charts’ or statistical process control charts
Pareto chart
- bar chart reorganised to show the categories with most frequent showing events on the left and least frequent to the right
- cumulative frequency line is plotted
Benefit Realisation Plan
-table used as a tool to ensure that the intended benefits originally planned in a QI project are actually delivered to the stakeholders in a timely fashion
Stakeholder analysis
-process of identifying everyone with a concern or interest who needs to be involved in a QI project
9 Cs for stakeholders
- commissioners
- customers
- collaborators
- contributors
- channels
- commentators
- consumers
- champions
- competitors
Focus approach to QI
- stands for Finding a process to improve, Organising a team, Clarifying current knowledge, Understanding causes of variation and Selecting the process improvement procedures
- this then leads onto the PDSA
FADE model
- Focus
- Analyse
- Develop
- Execute
- Evaluate
Lean thinking
1/ preserving value by identifying the value stream
- reducing resource consumption by enabling process and value flow
- reducing waste and developing pull systems
- improving overall user satisfaction by pursuing perfection
Siz sgma model
- popular in healthcare
- standard deviation is denoted by sigma
- in a normally distrubuted and efficient system value 6 sigma is equivalent to 3.4 outliers per million
- aim of six sigma approach is to reduce inefficiency to this level
DMAIC
- stands for define, measure, analyse, improve, control
- aimed at existing processes that fall below specification
- aims to achieve incremental improvement
DMADV
- stands for define, measure, analyse, design, verify
- used to develop new processor products at superior performance levels
Model for improvement
- commonly employed by NHS
- extension of PDSA and describes reflections that need to occur before embarking on a PDSA cycle
Root cause analysis
- well established QI method but mostly a quality assurance process
- retrospective investigation that occurs after a sentinel event
- looks for causal factors
- suffers from hindsight bias
Failure modes and effect analysis
- technique for assessing the risk of patient inhury/adverse event by prospectively identifying potential system failures
- used before adverse event
- ‘could the system fail?’
- team selection
- process identification
- flow diagram generated
- failure mode identification
- action planning
- team selection
Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE)
-19 item checklist recommended when reporting formal studies of healthcare quality improvement
