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2ND YR- CSA- E lecs > Quality Assurance for Radiography > Flashcards

Quality Assurance for Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

What is quality assurance?

A

The planned and systemic execution of procedures to ensure high quality images of high diagnostic yield at minimum radiation dosage

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2
Q

Why is quality assurance important?

A
  1. Reduces the necessity for retakes
  2. Minimises radiator exposure to the patient
  3. Minimises cost
  4. Minimises inconvenience
  5. Saves time
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3
Q

State what tr core of knowledge no 4 is ?

A

'’A person physically directing medical exposures is expected to have acquired the principles of quality assurance and quality control applies to both equipment and technique

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4
Q

What is the purpose of Quality assurance?

A
  1. To ensure consistently adequate diagnostic information
  2. Radiation does to be controlled to be as low as reasonably practicable
  3. Takes account of relevant statutory requirements
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5
Q

Who should quality assuring?

A

1 Names person responsible for implementation

  1. The whole dental team
  2. Radiation protection supervisor
  3. Operator
  4. Dental nurse
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6
Q

How should we be carrying out quality control?

A
  1. Programme should be comprehensive
  2. Inexpensive to operate
  3. Standards should require infrequent verification or modification
  4. Formal records to be kept and frequency of checks to be defined
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7
Q

What should the aim of quality assurance be?

A

Written down

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8
Q

Name some essential procedures under quality assurance?

A
  1. Image quality
  2. Patient dose and Xray equipment
  3. Darkroom, films and processing
  4. Training
  5. Audits
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9
Q

How can we rate quality?q

A
  1. Prospective evaluation

2. Retrospective evaluation

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10
Q

What is prospective evaluation?

A

Ratings assigned and recorded as viewed. Analysis of results at intervals not greater than 6 months

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11
Q

What is retrospective evaluation?

A

Representative sample drawn at regular intervals and rated and recorded. Analysis of results at intervals not greater tan 6 months

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12
Q

In regards to image quality at does excellent mean?

A

No errors of preparation, exposure, positioning, processing or handling

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13
Q

In regards to image quality at does acceptable mean?

A

Some errors but which do not detract from the diagnostic utility of the radiograph

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14
Q

In regards to image quality at does unacceptable errors mean?

A

Which renders the radiograph diagnostically unacceptable

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15
Q

What should be recorded when taking a quality ratings?

A

Records of each analysis kept together with record of any actions taken

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16
Q

How can image quality be maintained?

A

Take day to day surveillance to ensure image quality

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17
Q

What should you record when you take an unacceptable radiographs?

A

Record the date, nature of fault, known or suspected cause of failure, number of repeats radiographs

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18
Q

What do need to keep miiim when taking patient x rays?

A

We need to keep patient dose as low as practicable

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19
Q

How do we assess x ray equipment/

A

By checking it against the diagnostic reference level (DRL)

Thorough review must carried out to improve current techniques f they are above the DRL

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20
Q

What equipment makes up the x ray machine?

A
  1. Xray set
  2. Image receptor
  3. Intensifying screens and cassettes
  4. Viewing boxes
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21
Q

What must the electrical safety of an x ray comply with?

A

Must comply with latest regulations including safe use of work equipment, ACoP and guidance on the provision and use of Work Equipment regulations 1998

22
Q

What test must dental x ray equipment

A
  1. Critical examination
  2. Acceptance tests
  3. Routine tests
23
Q

Who must the installer consult with after completing the critical exam?

A

Installer must consult with RPA with regard to nature, extent and results of examination

24
Q

List the essential content oft he critical examination

A
  1. Clear and unambiguous description of equipment and location
  2. Acceptability of location
  3. Evaluation of warning signals
    4 Evaluation of exposure control
  4. Evaluation of other safety systems fitted
  5. Confirmation that sufficient radiation protection and safety features in place and operating correctly
25
Q

What dies the critical examination give an overall indication n?

A

Gives an overall conclusion on safety features

Checks sufficient protection for persons from x rays

26
Q

Who is responsible for carrying out the acceptance test?

A

Responsibility of the legal person

27
Q

Who should be consulted when taking the acceptance test?

A

RPA

28
Q

What does the acceptance test show?

A

The measurements determine whether the equipment is operating within agreed parameter

29
Q

What are we assessing when doing the acceptance test?

A

We are assessing typical patient dose for comparison with DRL

30
Q

What does the routine test show?

A

Only confirms no significant changes to description of
equipment location
Can be used to identify trends that suggest deterioration

31
Q

Name the most common way to carry a routine test ?

A

The Dental Monitoring Service Postal Pack (NRPB)

32
Q

What does the invent of xray equipment include?

A
  1. Name on manufacturer
  2. Model Number
  3. Serial number or unique identifier
  4. Year of manufacture
  5. Year of installation
33
Q

List the 5 error categories

A
  1. Patient preparation
  2. Patient positioning
  3. Exposure
  4. Processing
  5. Film handelling
34
Q

Give an example of patient preparations that can cause errors?

A
  1. Dentures
  2. Orthodontic appliances
  3. Glasses
  4. Earrings
  5. Necklace/ chain
  6. Hairgrips
35
Q

What is the error rate for bitewings taken without film holder?

A

28%

36
Q

What is the error rate for bitewings taken with a film holder?

A

4%

37
Q

What type of film holders are recommended to be used when taking a bitewing?

A

Film holders with beam aiming

38
Q

What are panoramic radiographs susceptible to ?

A

Positioning errors especially anteriorly

39
Q

What do we have available to reduce panoramic positioning errors?

A
  1. Use light beam diaphragms
  2. Chin rest
  3. Bite block
40
Q

What 3 things can go wrong with your exposure factor?

A
  1. Overexposure
  2. Underexposure
  3. Double exposure
41
Q

What is exposure factor dependent on?

A

Machine
Technique
If youre using digital or analogue film

42
Q

What 3 factors might you be able to change o minimise exposure factors?

A
  1. kV
  2. mA
  3. Time
43
Q

How can we change / control viewing conditions?

A
  1. Use a proper viewing box
  2. X-Viewer
  3. Black out extraneous light
  4. Magnifying glass
44
Q

What is a proper viewing box ?

A

It is a black box with magnifying unit that blocks out extraneous light

45
Q

Why might you end up with pale film?

A
  1. Exhausted developer
  2. Over diluted developer
  3. Time too short
  4. Temperature to low
46
Q

Why might you end up with dark film?

A

1, Too long in developer

  1. temperature too high
  2. concentration of developer too high
  3. developer contaminated by fixer
47
Q

Why might you end up with a Loe contrast film?

A
  1. Over devleopment
  2. Underdevelopment
  3. Fixer contamination
  4. Inadequate fixation
  5. Fixer exhaustion
48
Q

What do compass include when setting standards o processing?

A
  1. Film speeds
  2. Expiry date
  3. Storage conditions
  4. Processing conditions
  5. Frequency of changing solution
  6. Cleaning instructions for automatic processors
49
Q

How do you test your chemicals?

A
  1. Expose a test object
  2. Develop in nen chemicals
  3. Use as a reference
  4. Regular intervals expose new film under sa,e conditions and develop
  5. Compare wit reference film
50
Q

What can we use as a test object for testing our chemicals

A
  1. Pre prepared strips
  2. Step wedges
  3. Teeth
51
Q

What test can we use for light tightness?

A

The coin test

52
Q

How do you carry out the coin test?

A

Put a coin on a film already exposed to X-rays then expose to a safe light. Then process film and see if you can see the outline of he coin. If you can see the coin your safe light not good

2ND YR- CSA- E lecs (14 decks)

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