Quality

Question 0

What is the definition of Total Quality Management? (TQM)

Answer 0

Conceived by Dr Deming. Focus on proactive attitude towards quality with detail towards statistics. There are 14 principles. Know 3:
Be proactive
Utilize leadership and accountability
Measure and strive for constant improvement

Question 1

What is the definition of Quality?

Answer 1

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements.

Question 2

What is the concept of zero defects?

Answer 2

Concept created by Philip Cosby stating that it is better/cheaper to do something right the first time so you dont have to repeat it.

Question 3

What is the quality concept of fitness for use?

Answer 3

Concept conceived by Joseph Juran stating that quality starts with defining by what customer wants and all activity proceeds to satisfy the need.

Question 4

What is Kaizen?

Answer 4

Proactive approach to development one that makes improvements throughout a process.

Question 5

Whats involved in Plan Quality Mgmt?

Answer 5

Determine and design the project standards, policies, and procedures.

Question 6

What are the tools/techs supporting Plan Quality Mgmt?

Answer 6

Cost Benefits Analysis
Cost of Quality
Seven Basic Quality Tools
Bench Marking
Design of Experiments
Statistical Sampling

Question 7

What is the difference between grade and quality?

Answer 7

Grade is connected with the characteristics of a product (125w, 12 ohms, 10w-30, etc). Quality is associated with the stability of the product.

Question 8

What is the difference between accuracy and precision?

Answer 8

Accuracy deals with the alignment of value with its target value. Precision deals with the consistency of the output?

Question 9

What is the difference between prevention and inspection?

Answer 9

Prevention deals with eliminating defects before they occur. Inspection deals with errors as they come up.

Question 10

Whats the importance of the cost of quality?

Answer 10

Conformance cost may be high and cost of rework / scape may be low - so in this case, a company may choose not to drive quality conformance.

Question 11

What is Design of Experiments?

Answer 11

Methodical approach using statistics used to determine the factors that influence variables that impact a process or project.

Question 12

What is Just in Time?

Answer 12

Idea of getting product / inputs exactly what is need, when its needed.

Question 13

What is Sigma / standard deviation according to PMBOK?

Answer 13

(P-O)/6

Where P=Pessimistic measure and O=Optimistic measure

Question 14

What percentage of product/service meets quality requirements if the process is in control to the 1 sigma level? 2 sigma? 3 sigma? 6 sigma?

Answer 14

68. 26%
69. 46%
70. 73%
71. 9997%

Question 15

Whats the diff between sample and population?

Answer 15

Population is everyone/thing you are interested in an sample is a smaller subset of this used for testing to help ensure defects are caught.

Question 16

What is the diff btw special cause and common cause variation?

Answer 16

Special cause is variation driven by unusual events. Common cause is normal process variation - also called random cause variation.

Question 17

What is rolled through yield? (RTY)

Answer 17

Term used in 6 sigma - probability that a unit can pass through a process without defects.

RTY = Y1 x Y2 x Y3

Where Y = yield at stage x

Question 18

What is a flowchart?

Answer 18

One of seven quality tools which represents steps in process.

Question 19

What is Pareto Diagram?

Answer 19

Diagram showing number of defects by defect category and showing aggregate percentage. Helps define which 20% of categories are driving the 80% of problems.

Question 20

What is control chart?

Answer 20

Derives a picture of process output over time.

Question 21

What is Scatter Diagram?

Answer 21

Shows pattern between to variables associated with a process.

Question 22

What is Run of 7 Rule?

Answer 22

If a process produces a run of 7 units whose attribute is consistently above/below the mean - the process is not in control.

Question 23

What is a histogram?

Answer 23

Chart which indicates the occurrence of a variable via vertical bars.

Question 24

What is a fishbone diagram? (aka Ishikawa or Cause and Effect)

Answer 24

Evaluation tool to see what could possibly cause defects.