Quality Flashcards
What is the definition of Total Quality Management? (TQM)
Conceived by Dr Deming. Focus on proactive attitude towards quality with detail towards statistics. There are 14 principles. Know 3:
Be proactive
Utilize leadership and accountability
Measure and strive for constant improvement
What is the definition of Quality?
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements.
What is the concept of zero defects?
Concept created by Philip Cosby stating that it is better/cheaper to do something right the first time so you dont have to repeat it.
What is the quality concept of fitness for use?
Concept conceived by Joseph Juran stating that quality starts with defining by what customer wants and all activity proceeds to satisfy the need.
What is Kaizen?
Proactive approach to development one that makes improvements throughout a process.
Whats involved in Plan Quality Mgmt?
Determine and design the project standards, policies, and procedures.
What are the tools/techs supporting Plan Quality Mgmt?
Cost Benefits Analysis Cost of Quality Seven Basic Quality Tools Bench Marking Design of Experiments Statistical Sampling
What is the difference between grade and quality?
Grade is connected with the characteristics of a product (125w, 12 ohms, 10w-30, etc). Quality is associated with the stability of the product.
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy deals with the alignment of value with its target value. Precision deals with the consistency of the output?
What is the difference between prevention and inspection?
Prevention deals with eliminating defects before they occur. Inspection deals with errors as they come up.
Whats the importance of the cost of quality?
Conformance cost may be high and cost of rework / scape may be low - so in this case, a company may choose not to drive quality conformance.
What is Design of Experiments?
Methodical approach using statistics used to determine the factors that influence variables that impact a process or project.
What is Just in Time?
Idea of getting product / inputs exactly what is need, when its needed.
What is Sigma / standard deviation according to PMBOK?
(P-O)/6
Where P=Pessimistic measure and O=Optimistic measure
What percentage of product/service meets quality requirements if the process is in control to the 1 sigma level? 2 sigma? 3 sigma? 6 sigma?
- 26%
- 46%
- 73%
- 9997%
Whats the diff between sample and population?
Population is everyone/thing you are interested in an sample is a smaller subset of this used for testing to help ensure defects are caught.
What is the diff btw special cause and common cause variation?
Special cause is variation driven by unusual events. Common cause is normal process variation - also called random cause variation.
What is rolled through yield? (RTY)
Term used in 6 sigma - probability that a unit can pass through a process without defects.
RTY = Y1 x Y2 x Y3
Where Y = yield at stage x
What is a flowchart?
One of seven quality tools which represents steps in process.
What is Pareto Diagram?
Diagram showing number of defects by defect category and showing aggregate percentage. Helps define which 20% of categories are driving the 80% of problems.
What is control chart?
Derives a picture of process output over time.
What is Scatter Diagram?
Shows pattern between to variables associated with a process.
What is Run of 7 Rule?
If a process produces a run of 7 units whose attribute is consistently above/below the mean - the process is not in control.
What is a histogram?
Chart which indicates the occurrence of a variable via vertical bars.
What is a fishbone diagram? (aka Ishikawa or Cause and Effect)
Evaluation tool to see what could possibly cause defects.
