Qualitative - 03

Question 1

THE DISCURSIVE APPROACH looks at

Answer 1

the USE of language – to gain insight in to social construction of meaning – what is available to the narrator?

Question 2

here, language is

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action

Question 3

Thinking about the role of discourse in

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constructing realities

Question 4

Ð Narrative analysis looks at

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the stories individuals construct to make meaning of events and themselves

Question 5

Discourse Analysis Identifies….

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power dynamics in language by asking – what is this text doing?

Question 6

Discourse Analysis asks How has this person used language to

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construct their reality

Question 7

essentially, Language constructs

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reality

Question 8

Three principal Components of discursive / discourse approach

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1) Function / Action – We do things with language: persuade, request, accuse, blame etc
2) Construction – we use language to construct versions of the social world
3) Variability – Accounts vary according to function and fluidity of discourse

Question 9

2 major types of discursive analysis:

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discursive psych

& Foucauldian discursive analysis (FDA)

Question 10

discursive psychology seeks to understand

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How particular versions of reality are manufactured, negotiated, and deployed in conversation. How do people use language to negotiate and manage social interactions to achieve interpersonal objectives

Question 11

Emphasises the….

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Ð Emphasises the performative qualities of discourse

Ð Speaker as active agent who uses discourse as a tool

Question 12

In short, discursive psychology does not seek to produce a knowledge of things (cognitions, mental states, personality traits etc), but an

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understanding of the process by which they are talked into being.

Question 13

Limitations

?

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Ð Narrow focus on behaviour …i.e. speech. Like behaviourism. Neglects private speech / metacognition / the internal world.
Discourse is a tool used by people – and people inherently orient toward issues of importance, stake or interest IN PERSUIT of interpersonal and social objectives. Incapable of getting at true motivation

Question 14

Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) is concerned with…

Answer 14

Ð Concerned with the role of language in which people construct subjects and objects in their social and psychological lives

Question 15

Ð Discourses =

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text in widest sense of meaning …. networks of meaning

Question 16

Ð From a Foucaudian view, discourse changes things in which ways?

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facilitates and limits, enables and constrains what can be said, by whom, where and when.

Question 17

Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) explores…

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Ð Explores the relationship between discourse and power

Ð What constructions are being used within the talk

Question 18

Key point: Unlike discursive psychology (primarily concerned with interpersonal communication), FDA asks questions about the relationship between

Answer 18

discourse and how people think or feel (subjectivity), what they may do (practices) and the material conditions within which such experiences may take place.

Question 19

what is Positioning in Foucauldian Discourse

?

Answer 19

Ð Discourses are often subject positions which when assumed as a role, define and have implications for subjectivity and experience (e.g. in biomedical contexts, those who are ill occupy ‘the patient’ subject position – which located them as the passive recipient of expert care within a trajectory of cure).

Ð Discourse constructs subjectivity, so constrains what can be said / done / felt by individuals

Ð A subject position within a discourse identifies a location for persons within the structure of rights and duties for those that use that repertoire

Ð Positions are different to roles because they are not prescriptive and have consequences for subjectivity

This implies a discourse relationship built on power between those in differing positions (think feminist / sexist speech within the history of discourse and power relations)

Question 20

Limitations of FDA?

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Can subjectivity be theorized based on discourse alone?

What is the relation between discourse and material reality?

Question 21

Key differences between FDA and discursive psychology

They are designed to answer different research questions:

Answer 21

Ð Discursive = How do participants use language to manage stake in social interactions?
Ð FDA = What characterizes the discursive worlds people inhabit and what are their implications for possible ways-of-being?

Question 22

Discursive emphasizes personal xxxx, whilst FDA draws attention to the power of discourse to xxxx

Answer 22

agency, whilst FDA draws attention to the power of discourse to construct its objects - including the human subject itself!

Question 23

Discursive
use their experience to xxxxxxxx – FDA doesn’t attempt to theorize it, but discursive constructions change the way we xxxxxx

Answer 23

Discursive
use their experience to validate their claims – FDA doesn’t attempt to theorize it, but discursive constructions change the way we experience ourselves.

Question 24

what is Narrative Analysis?

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Interested in the ways in which people organize and thus bring order to experience

extra

Ð Looks at the stories people construct to make meaning of events and themselves
Ð Constructivist – how the story is told is as important and the words used to tell it
Ð Different models emphasize diff content, context and form.

Question 25

the theory is that Narratives have….

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Ð linguistic structure

Question 26

Stories are used to construct the xxxx and understand

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self / identify

Question 27

Influenced by

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context: social / cultural / interpersonal

Question 28

and thus created by ….

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both researcher and participant

Question 29

stories can bring….

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order to disorder

Question 30

stories are a way to

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connect a sequence of events

Question 31

what effect does this have for the individual?

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gives agency to self and to other

Question 32

stories offer links between

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seemingly disparate events

Question 33

narratives allow theSelf to

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present different identities to others

Question 34

and can emphasize personal

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reasonableness when trying to explain disruptions to others

Question 35

narrative research beleives HOW the story is told is as important as

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the words used to tell it

Question 36

Through telling stories, people are continually in the process of

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creating themselves (using language, talking, writing etc). Lives are ‘storied’. Never fixed. Fluid. Stories can always be retold.