Q3 Review Flashcards
What are the three precedents set by George Washington?
- Created a cabinet of the heads of the executive branch
- Made the title Mr.President or President of the US
- Served only 2 terms then stepped down
What were the three things Washington warned against in his farewell address?
- Don’t form any foreign ties/alliances
- Do not go into debt by borrowing money
- Do not create political divisions as it may harm the nation
What did Washington accomplish?
A strong federal government, a stable economy, and avoided wars with foreign countries
What were Jefferson’s Democratic-Republican policies?
Reducing the size of government to give the state’s more power, have less government jobs and eliminate all federal taxes, except tariffs
Where was the Louisiana Territory?
The Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains
Who is Toussaint L’Ouverture?
Led the Haitian Revolution and drove out the French from their Carribean colony of Haiti
What was the embargo act passed by Jefferson called and what did it do?
Called the Embargo Act of 1807, it cut off all trade with Europe. However, this was a mistake because our trade wasn’t as important to Europe as theirs was to the US.
What were Lewis and Clark trying to find for Jefferson in the Louisiana Territory?
The geography of the land, it’s plants and animals. They also hoped to find a water route (Northwest Passage) between the Mississippi River and Pacific Ocean. Also to make contact with the indigenous Americans living in the Louisiana territory.
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
The British were impressing US sailors, interfered with our trade and broke the 1783 Treaty of Paris by failing to withdraw troops from American territory.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
Stated that any further colonization of the Americas is forbidden and if foreign countries do attack it will be seen as an act of hostility.
What did Manifest Destiny Cause?
The expansion of US borders but also potential for conflict
How and when was Manifest Destiny achieved?
Achieved in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase when the US payed Mexico 10 million.
What was the significance of the battle of Alamo?
Texans were overrun by Mexican troops, which inspired many to volunteer; battle cry became “Remember the Alamo!” The Battle of Alamo was meant to scare the Texans but had the opposite effect.
What was the cause of the Mexican American War?
Polk offered to buy California but Mexico rejected so he sent General Zachary Taylor to the disputed lands between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River. Mexico saw this as an act of war and attacked the US troops.
What were the effects California gold rush?
Started in 1849, caused the indigenous population to decline and caused the non-native American population to grow drastically.
What was the Gadsden Purchase?
A narrow strip of southern Arizona and New Mexico. It was bought to be used as a route for a railroad.
What did the Transportation Revolution cause?
Growth of the American industry and increased commerce by connecting trade markets and resources.
What were steamboats?
Invented by Robert Fulton, the steamboat lowered the cost of shipping and didn’t depend on wind or the river current.
What advantage did railroads have over canals?
Railroads could be built almost anywhere.
What was the mechanical reaper and how was it an improvement?
Cut stalks of wheat quicker and allowed farmers to cultivate crops and harvest them with fewer workers
Who invented the sewing machine and how was it an improvement?
Elias Howe and Isaac Singer; sewing machines made it quicker and cheaper to make clothing in large quantities
Define mass production
The manufacturing of idential products quickly and cheaply.
What and how did interchangeable parts improve things?
Identical pieces that could be assembled by unskilled workers; led to advancement of mass production
What did Jackson do to change suffrage?
It was increased by eliminating the requirement to own property
What was the outcome of the Worcester v. Georgia case?
It was ruled that Georgia’s laws have no authority over Cherokee territory.
Why was Jackson against the National Bank?
He believed it favored the wealthy
What did Jackson do to the bank charter?
He refused to renew it or vetoed the bank charter.
Who led the nullification Crisis?
It was a conflict between South Carolina, led by John C. Calhoun and the federal government.
What was South Carolina’s argument regarding the tariff?
They claimed that they had the right to nullify an unpopular federal tariff and threatened to secede.
How was the nullification crisis solved and what did Jackson threaten to do to end it?
Jackson threatened to send troops but the tariff was lowered a second time so South Carolina reluctanly backed down.
What left the nation in debt?
The American Revolution
What was Hamilton’s plan to repay the debt?
- Pay the federal and state government
- Create a national bank to handle money
- Put a high tariff on imported goods
What was the Marbury v. Madison Case?
Before John Adams left office he appointed multiple judges. Marbury hadn’t received his commission so he sued Madison.
What was the ruling of the Marbury v. Madison case?
Chief Justice Marshall ruled that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional, establishing judicial review, which became one of the most important powers of the Supreme Court today.
What happened during the War of 1812 and what were the results?
The British captured the capital of Washington, D.C. and burned the White House. The Star Spangled Banner was written by Francis Scott Key. After the war the Treaty of Ghent returned everything the way it was before the war and it made Americans feel proud in standing up against Great Britain
