9 Week Exam Study Guide Flashcards
The English: The English came to North America to find a route to ______, and then settled there for _________, and ______________ freedom.
Asia, wealth, religious
Reasons for settlement of individual colonies: Massachusetts: __________ and _________ for religious freedom.
Pilgrims, Puritans
Why did Connecticut and Rhode Island settle?
They were dissenters from puritans looking for religious freedom.
What was New York’s reason for settlement?
English took the land from the Dutch to gain wealth.
New Jersey’s reason for settlement:
Wealth
Reason for settlement: Pennsylvania
For Profit, Religious freedom, and political freedom for Quakers
Reason for settlement: Virginia
To gain wealth
Maryland- reason for settlement
Religious and political freedom for Catholics
Georgia - reason for settlement
A defensive buffer against Spanish Florida, wealth, and a second chance for debtors
Why did the French come to North America?
To find the Northwest passage to Asia but ended up settling to trade for furs with the indigenous people.
Why did the Spanish come to North America?
To find gold and teach Christianity to the indigenous peoplez
Where did the Dutch settle and what was it established for?
They settled in Hudson River valley, now New York. The called it New Netherlands and the capitol was New Amsterdam. They established a trade center but it was taken over by the English and re named New York
What was the climate, geography, and economic activities of the New England Colonies?
- Atlantic Coast
- Mountains with large areas of pine and hardwood forests
- soil thin and rocky so they did subsistence farming
- winters cold, long while summers warm, short
- colonies founded for religious freedom; dissenters started new colonies
- major industries: fishing, trading, building ships from trees
- Lived in cities or towns
-New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island started by dissenters from the puritans
.
What are the characteristics of the Middle colonies?
- between NE and Southern Colonies
- fertile soil good for wheat and corn
- climate was milder than New England with longer growing seasons
- lived in cities or towns
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and New York City became the largest cities and busiest ports in US
What are the Characteristics of the Southern Colonies?
- hot and wet climate with long summers and growing seasons
- raised indigo, rice, and tobacco; cash crops were major industry
- lived in rural areas
Who was William Penn?
A Quaker who started Pennsylvania
Who started Rhode Island?
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams dissented from Puritans from Massachusetts
What colony did Thomas Hooker start?
Connecticut
Who was the leader of the pilgrims?
William Bradford
Who was the leader of the puritans?
John Winthrop
Who was the leader of JamesTowns and why was it started?
John Smith and was started because they colonists wanted to get wealthy
What are three examples of the Colombian Exchange that affected Native Americans?
From Europe came pigs, horses, and new foods like wheat, rise, beef, and bananas that Native Americans began to use
How did conquistadors change the goal of Spain in the New World?
After the Reconquista unemployed soldiers were looking for trade routes and gold. They found gold in Mexico and Peru. Others explored all over the Americas for the same thing.
What were indentured servants and how did the system work?
The were people who exchanged labor for passage to America. Each person worked in the early colonies for 4-7 years to pay for their passage, many died. They made up to 75% or early Virginia colonists and many could claim their own land at end of their service.
What was Bacon’s Rebellion and how did it affect the planters and the Native Americans?
1676, former indentured servants attacked Native Americans for land. Governor failed to stop them before they burnt down the capitol for Jamestown. The rebellion made it difficult to make peace with native Americans, it led to planters turning to slavery for labor.
What is the Mayflower compact and why is it important
In 1620 Pilgrims left England and before they landed they wrote the Compact. All 41 male colonists agreed to form one body politic to join themselves in a social compact. It was on of the first documents attempting self government in America
What was mercantilism and how did it benefit European countries?
Mercantilism was the practice of making colonies profitable for the home country, practiced by many of the European colonies in the 1600s. They believed having a good balance of trade between their home country and colonies, their nation would create and maintain wealth.
What was the triangle trade?
Variety of three way trade routes that brought captives to the New World between the North American colonies, West Indies to Africa and back, trading rum for captives, and then trading for molasses to make the rum.
What was the middle passage?
It was a portion of the triangle tradition that brought captives to the New World. It brought about 10 million Africans, and could take as long as three months for the African to arrive, under very harsh conditions
What did the Puritans think was a fundamental skill all adults should have, and how did they make sure everyone learned it?
The idea all people should read the Bible led the puritans to require all children, boys and girls, to go to school.
What were the roles of each member of a colonial family?
Men: expected to provide financial needs of family and taught children skills they would use to help family.
Women: expected to take care of home and family
Children: helped parents with the responsibilities of family
What was the cause of the French and Indian war
France and Britain controlled large areas of North America. Native Americans lived on both their lands. British settlers were moving into the Ohio River Valley, land claimed by the French. The French and British began building forts for protection. This dispute led to the French and Indian War.
What was the course of the French and Indian War?
The French and many Native American tribes fought together against the British and their colonists. At the beginning of the war, the colonies met at Albany, New York where Benjamin Franklin proposed the Plan of Union. He was inspired to create the plant by the Haudenosaunee Confederacy for the colonies to work together, but the plan wasn’t adopted because it was thought to be unnecessary.
What were the consequences of the French and Indian War?
Treaty of Paris signed 1763. Britain gained all French lands east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans. When Americans began moving onto these newly acquired lands, conflicts developed between the colonists and indigenous peoples. To pay for the war, Britain taxed the colonists. The British also issued the Proclamation of 1763, prohibiting settlement west of the Appalachian mountains. These actions caused colonists to protest and boycott these laws. Colonists began to develop a sense of independence from Britain.
