Q2: Social Organizations Flashcards
Nation, Church Hierarchy, Professional Association, Corporation, University classes, Athletic teams, and groups of coworkers.
Secondary Groups
The concept of the primary group was introduced by ____________ in his book, ____________________________.
Charles Cooley, Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind
Family, Play group, Village/Neighborhood, Work-team
Primary Group
It consists of two or more people who regularly interact on the basis of mutual expectations and who share a common identity.
social group
is composed of two or more persons interacting with each other and guided by a set of norms. It is also defined as specified number of individuals where each recognizes members as distinct from non-members.
group
It is two or more people who identify with and engage with each other (Macionis, 2012)
social group
Difference between category and group
category: no interaction
group: has interaction and experience a feeling of belonging
The difference between primary and secondary groups lies in the kinds of relationships their members have with one another.
Types of groups according to influence
- primary group
- secondary group
True or False
A religious group, an ethnic group, a working colleague group, a college class, and a sports team can be considered a social group.
True
They involve interaction among members who have an emotional investment in one another.
primary groups
These involves a situation who know one another intimately and interact as total individuals rather than through specialized roles.
primary groups
They are smaller in number and occur over a long time.
primary groups
Those who belong to this principal group often express concern for each other, have regular activities together, and other similar interactions which contribute to the members’ individuality and psychological wellbeing.
primary group
The goal of this small collective relationship is the connection itself; hence, the motivation is quite intrinsic.
primary group
They usually have specific goals, are formally organized, and are impersonal.
secondary group
They tend to be larger than the primary group.
secondary group
Its members do not necessarily interact with all other members.
secondary group
Types of groups according to membership
- in-groups
- out-groups
A social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member.
in-groups
These groups are defined by beliefs, values, and identities.
in-groups
These groups has a shared understanding and an element of commonality amongst group members.
in-groups
examples of in-groups
- celebrity fans
- fraternities & sororities
- religious groups
- race & ethnicity
A social group with which an individual does not identify.
out-group
Members of these groups may not have any common sense of identity or affiliation tying them close together.
out-groups
A group or social category that an individual uses to define beliefs, attitudes, and values and to guide behavior.
reference groups
They provide a comparison against which people measure themselves and others.
reference groups
These groups compose of people we want to emulate.
positive reference groups
These groups provide a model we do not wish to follow.
negative reference groups
These groups influences your norms, attitudes, and values through direct interaction.
normative reference groups
A group or individuals whom you compare yourself against and may strive to be like.
comparative reference groups
A sociological concept that refers to the social relationships that exist between network parts and individuals.
social network
is a collection of people tied together by a specific pattern of connections. They can be characterized by the number of people involved, as in the dyad (by twos) and triad (by threes), but also in terms of their structures (who is connected to whom) and functions (what flows across ties)
Network
In an ________, network elements can include social groups or teams, organizational units, or entire organizations.
organization
A social structure that exists between actors—individuals or organizations.
social network
It indicates the way that people and organizations are connected through various social familiarities, ranging from casual acquaintance to close familial bonds.
social network
