Q2 Examination Flashcards
In literature, we evaluate and interpret literary texts based on their intellectual, artistic, and aesthetic value. In short, we (_______) them
Critique
- study, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of literature
- it judges the value of a work
- a body of work is evaluated according to its aesthetic value, historical/cultural/social significance of the work, use of language, and insights of the work
Literary Criticism
who quoted this: “a true critic is an ally of the artist”
Scott James
- Formulate on the idea that any literary text is autonomous - it should be read as something beyond the influence of culture or society
- It rejects the perceived connection between the text and the author
- Text should be critiqued based only on its inherent characteristics, including its form
Formalism
- The term is derived from Karl Marx; a German philosopher and scholar who theorized about society and history
- This school of critical theory focuses on power and money in works of literature
Marxism
He wrote literary pieces declaring that all of history has been a history of class struggles
Karl Marx
- A critical approach that relates the text to the larger, wider structure through inter-textual connections or repetitive pattern
- Text is NOT autonomous but should be analyzed within wider social and cultural contexts
Structuralism
- It reads a text within social context
- It analyzes textual representations from the woman’s perspective, such as those involve in stereotyping and “objectification of womanhood
Feminism
- Requires that you apply to a text specific historical information about the time during which an author wrote
- In this case, refers to the social, political, economic, cultural, and/or intellectual climate of the time
Historical
- Deals with a work of literature primarily as an expression, in fictional form, of the personality, state of mind, feelings, and desires of its author
- The assumption of ____________ critics is that a work of literature is correlated with its author’s mental traits
Psychological or Psychoanalytic
- Suggests that the larger purpose of literature is to teach morality and to probe philosophical questions
- It is believed that author intend to instruct the audience in some way. This approach forces readers to dig deeper, discover the moral values, and ask questions instead of accepting things the way they seem
Moral/Philosophical
- a field of critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of () studies (often, formerly, gay, and lesbian studies) and women’s studies
- associated with the study and theorization of gender and sexual practices that exist outside of heterosexuality, and which challenge the notion that heterosexual desire is ‘normal’
Queer
believe in coherent, universal systems that may be probed suing the “GRAMMAR” of a text
Structuralists
autonomous means?
independent/text is under discussion
Who is the author of Divergent?
Veronica Roth
What type of book is Divergent?
Novel
What are 5 Factions in Divergent?
A E D C A
- Abnegation
- Erudite
- Dauntless
- Candor
- Amity
What is the role of Amity?
The kind
What is the role of Candor?
The honest
What is the role of Dauntless?
The brave
What is the role of Erudite?
The intelligent
What is the role of Abnegation?
The selfless
- also known as Tu fu.
- the greatest Chinese poet of all time.
- He wrote the poem “The Ballad of the Army Cats” which is about conscription—and with hidden satire that speaks of the noticeable luxury of the court.
- The Recruiting Officers of Shi- Hao
Du Fu
- known as Li Bai
- a Chinese poet who is a competitor of Du Fu as China’s greatest poet.
- He was romantic in his personal life and his poetry.
- His works are known for its conversational tone and vivid imagery.
- He wrote the poem “Alone and Drinking under the Moon” that deals with the ancient social custom of drinking.
Li Po
- He was a poet, painter, musician, and statesman during the Tang dynasty (the golden ages of the Chinese cultural history).
- He was the founder of the respected Southern school of painter-poets.
- Many of his best poems were inspired by the local landscape just like the Bamboo Woods.
Wang Wei
- He was a fictionist who won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature.
- His first novel was “Red Sorghum”, and still his best-known work. It tells the story of the Chinese battling Japanese intruders as well as each other during the 1930s. It relates the story of a family in rural area in Shandong Province during the turbulent time.
Mo Yan
- He was a world-acclaimed short story writer and considered as a champion for Chinese meta-fictional or postmodernist writing.
- His widely acclaimed novel “To Live” describes the struggles endured by the son of a wealthy land-owner while historical events caused and extended by the Chinese Revolution are fundamentally altering the nature of Chinese society.
YU HUA
moves away from the folklore song style, and looks at everyday topics and utilizes more modern techniques like imagery and persona.
Classical Chinese Poetry/Tang dynast
- The writing on these bones are pictographs, which use pictures in place of letters.
- This type of writing is known as ____, and is believed to have been barely changed from the rules of writing still used today
jiaguwen
Novels began to move away from the philosophical works that emerged from the ____, and focused less on philosophical teachings.
Han Dynasty
What dynasty is the golden ages of Chinese cultural history?
Tang Dynasty
what are the 2 modern techniques?
imagery and persona
allowed printing to become quick, accessible, and widespread, leading to higher levels of writing and reading literacy among the lower classes
woodblock printing
What did Du Fu write
- The Ballad of the Army Cats (conscription and hidden satire of luxury)
- The Recruiting Officers of Shi-Hao
What did Li Po write
Alone and Drinking under the Moon (ancient social custom of drinking)
What did Mo Yan write
Red Sorghum
What did Yu Hua write
To Live
The history and catalogue of the ____ is so rich that it is quite close to impossible to describe it and give justice to its entire list of great works and even greater writers in an introduction
European Literature
What are the 4 periods in European Literature?
T R T R
ENUMERATION PART
- The Medieval Period (500-1500)
- Renaissance Literature (1300-1600)
- The Age of Enlightenment (1600-1800)
- Romanticism (1800-1850)
- as set in Denmark, the land of Danes and Sweden, also known as the land of Geats. It was a supernatural tale inspired by historical events
- the hero of the story, was described as having a hand grip equivalent to the strength of 30 men, which enabled him to slay monsters
Beowulf
- is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed around 1321, shortly before the author’s death.
- it is widely considered the pre-eminent work in Italian literature and one of the greatest works of Western literature
The Divine Comedy
- Who wrote The Divine Comedy?
- When did it begin and get complete?
- Dante Alighieri
- 1308, 1321
- was marked by the rebirth of the Greco- Roman literary tradition.
- classical scholars, known as humanists, revived and translated ancient texts. The humanists also used the Greek and Latin classics, along with traditional Christian thought, to teach people about human life.
- humanism, the belief that people could attain earthly perfection, was rampant among the intellectuals.
- the printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440, is the greatest innovation of the Renaissance era, which resulted in a more cost- and time efficient production of literature.
The Renaissance period (1300-1600)
Classical scholars also known as?
humanists (revived and translated ancient texts)
The humanists also used the ____
- Greek and Latin classics
- Traditional Christian thought (to teach people about human life)
- was a byproduct of the Renaissance that birthed humanism.
- this period could be summed up as the celebration of different ideas.
- this made the cafés serve as the unofficial center of this new movement, a place where people would read whatever literature available and debate about their needs and desires as a community or a population
- was also the birthplace of many great thinkers who put their ideas into writing and made their thoughts available to historians of this century
The Age of Enlightenment (1600-1800)
this is an epic poem about the Fall of Man, where John Milton, the writer, made Adam, Eve, Satan, and God his characters
Paradise Lost
Who wrote the epic poem about the Fall of Man?
John Milton
What are the names of the character that John Milton made?
Adam, Eve, Satan, and God
- traveled on four separate voyages and encountered different types of societies each time
- each journey is a metaphor for different aspects of British society that the author wanted to criticize
Gulliver’s Travels
Who wrote the Gulliver’s Travels?
Jonathan Swift
- is a literary movement against the aristocratic culture that started in the late 18th century
- uplifts the characters from humble backgrounds or the common man and places importance on imagination and emotion
- the works of early ____ were seen as absurd and fantastic. It was the next generation of ____ who will prove creativity and imagination can well blend with reality and composure
Romanticism (1800-1850)
